«Novice" - a lyrical poem Lermontov.It was written in 1839 and published a year later in the book entitled "Poems Lermontov."One of his contemporaries Lermontov - V.Belinsky critic - wrote that in this work reflects "the ideal of our favorite poet."On one of the finest examples of classical Russian romantic poetry - the poem "The Novice" - will be discussed in this article.
history writing
«Novice" - a work written under the impression of life in the Caucasus.The prototype of the plot of the poem was the story of the life of mountaineers, heard by Lermontov in 1837, during the first reference.Mikhail, traveling on the Georgian Military Highway, met in Mtskheta with a lone monk.He told him the story of his life.The priest as a child was captured by a Russian general and the local monastery, where he held despite the homesickness, his whole life.
Some elements of Georgian folklore could use in his work MULermontov.The poem "The Novice" in his story has a central episode in which the hero is struggling with a leopard.In traditional Georgian poetry exists topic bout boys and tiger, as reflected in another famous poem - "The Knight in the Panther's Skin" Shota Rustaveli.
title and epigraph
in Georgian language "Novice" - a "non-employees monk", "novice".This word has another meaning: "chuzhemets", "stranger from foreign parts."As you can see, Lermontov chose his poem the most appropriate name.Interestingly, initially Mikhail called his poem "Barry", which in Georgian means "monk."The epigraph to the product also changed.First Lermontov used the phrase for him: «On n'a qu'une seule patrie» ("Everyone has only one fatherland"), but later the poet chose an epigraph for an excerpt from the first book of Kings (chapter 14): "Taste Tastinga little honey, and lo al die. "These words represent a violation of the natural course of things.
content of the work
In the poem "The Novice", the content of which is known to many Russian readers, tells the tragic fate of Caucasian boy captive and taken away from the Russian General Yermolov native lands.On the way a child is ill and was left in one of the local monasteries.Here the boy was forced to spend his life "away from the sunlight."The child always missed the Caucasus spaces, sought to return to the mountains.After a while he seemed accustomed to the cramped conditions of life in the monastery, learned a foreign language, and was preparing to become a monk.However, seventeen young man suddenly felt a strong spiritual impulse that made him suddenly leave the monastery and to flee into the unknown region.He felt free, returned to him the memory of his childhood.The boy remembered his native language, once the person close to him.Intoxicated by the fresh air and childhood memories, the young man spent three days in the wild.In that short time he saw everything that deprived him of his captivity.Man admiring the paintings of Georgia mighty nature, beautiful girl, gracefully filling a pitcher with water.He defeated in mortal combat leopard and grasped the extent of his own strength and agility.For three days the young man lived a lifetime, filled with vivid emotions and feelings.Found by accident in the vicinity of the monastery without memory, the guy refused to eat, because I realized that the old life in captivity, he will not be able to continue.Path to the rebellious heart Novice found only an old monk who baptized him.Confessing the boy, the old man found out about what he saw and felt the guy three days of his failed escape.
Genre and composition of the poem
many works about life in the Caucasus, Lermontov wrote.The poem "The Novice" - one of them.Caucasus poet associated with the territory of boundless liberty and freedom, where a person has the opportunity to prove themselves in battle with the elements, to merge with nature and subject it to their own will, to win the battle with yourself.
The plot is centered around a romantic poem of feelings and experiences of lyrical - Novice.Form work - confession - enables the most truthful and deeply reveal the spiritual image of the young man.The composition of the work is typical for this kind of poem - the hero put in unusual circumstances, monologue-confession is an ideal spot, describes the internal state of a person, not external environment.
However, there are differences from the typical romantic works.In the poem, there is reticence and understatement.It clearly stated the scene, the poet informs the reader about the circumstances that led the young man to the monastery.Agitated it Novice contains a coherent and logical story happened to him events.
Nature and reality
poem "The Novice" - is not only psychologically significant statement of the inner experiences of the protagonist, but also an excellent description of the Georgian nature.It is a picturesque backdrop against which events unfold in the product, as well as serves as a tool to characterize the Novice.The reaction of the young men in the storm when he "embrace the storm would be happy," describes him as a man of unbridled and daring, ready to do battle with the elements.Mental state of the hero in quiet morning after the storm, his willingness to comprehend the mysteries of "heaven and earth" characterizes Man as a person thin and sensitive, able to see and understand the fine.Nature for Lermontov - is a source of inner harmony.Monastery in the poem - a symbol of a hostile reality, forcing a strong and extraordinary man to die under the influence of unnecessary conventions.
predecessors in literature
poem "The Novice", the heroes of which are described in this article, has several literary predecessors.A similar story, tells the story of a young monk, is described in the poem "Monk" Kozlova.Despite the similar content in these pieces of different ideological component.In the poem Lermontov seen the impact of the Decembrist literature and poetry IVGoethe."Novice" carries motifs that have appeared in the early works of the poet, "Boyar Orsha" and "Confessions."
Lermontov's contemporaries noticed similarities "Novice" to "Shinonsky prisoner" Byron, translated into Russian Zhukovsky.However, the hero of the English poet hates the society and wants to be alone, while Novice is committed to the people.
Criticism
received the highest accolades from critics Lermontov."Novice" not only won the literary ideological content, but also a form of presentation.Belinsky noted that chetyrehstopnym pentameter with masculine rhymes, who wrote a work "sounds and abruptly falls as a blow of the sword," and this verse is in harmony with the "Enduring power of mighty nature, and the tragic situation of the hero of the poem."
contemporaries Lermontov enthusiastically recall reading "The Novice" by the author himself.ANAnts in the "Dating with Russian poets" describes the strong impression I got from reading this poem by Mikhail Yurevich in Tsarskoye Selo.
Conclusion
«Novice" - this is the best poem MYLermontov.In it the poet showed his poetic skills and express ideas that were close to his rebellious nature.The passion and the force with which Mikhail described the suffering of the young man, capable of great things, but forced to vegetate in the silence of the monastery walls, of course, express the innermost feelings of the author.Each of us can now read "The Novice" feel the power and beauty of this amazing work and ... to touch the beautiful.
