first states emerged in the southern regions of our planet, where it had been for the most favorable natural and geographical conditions.They originated about one period of about five thousand years ago.
Why has the appearance of a new type of social relations
When and why were the first state, that is their origin - one of the controversial issues in science.According to the version of the famous German philosopher Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, the state arises in the process of strengthening of social inequality, increasing the role of ownership and the emergence of a class of wealthy people.They, in turn, requires a special unit to protect its interests and preserve influence on fellow tribesmen.Undoubtedly, this phenomenon had taken place, but not only, it contributed to the emergence of the state.There is also a theory that a new type of social organization was the result of the need to control and allocate resources, a kind of supreme manager of commercial facilities, with a view to their effective development, this method of organization of the state is most applicable to Ancient Egypt, where the irrigation system is a main economic, business object.
criteria they arise
When and why came the first state?This is a natural process that occurs everywhere, but at different periods.In ancient times, the basis of life for all people was agriculture and animal husbandry.That it has successfully developed, were necessary appropriate climatic conditions.Therefore, ancient people settled mainly on the banks of major rivers, which allowed to fully meet the needs of the people in this important resource.Of particular importance was the location of the water source: the south of it is, the warmer climate and thus more opportunities for agriculture.There can be removed once the harvest is not as much of the world, and several times a year.This gave the peoples living in these regions, an undoubted advantage in the development of life-support techniques and produce a surplus product.
oldest regions of the state building
Mesopotamia, or Mesopotamia - a very favorable region for agriculture, soft, warm climate, excellent location area and the presence of two major rivers in West Asia - the Tigris and Euphrates - provide the necessary amount of water for the development ofirrigation systems and irrigated land use.The people who inhabit these lands, other less dependent on the vagaries of the weather, so they could get a stable and rich harvests.Approximately the same situation in the valley of the largest river in Africa - the Nile.But to build irrigation, irrigation systems, required to establish the collective work of many people, otherwise create an effective agriculture was simply impossible.Thus originated the first prototypes of state entities, and that's where there were the first state, but it is, in fact, were not quite state of education.It was their embryos, of which subsequently formed the oldest countries in the world.
ups and downs of the socio-economic and political components in the ancient country
arising in these areas of the city-state, begin to control a well-defined area.Relations between the neighbors were always tense and often led to conflicts.Many independent organizations impeded the economic development of the region and more powerful rulers is realized, so they are trying to gradually subdued a large territory, which establish uniform orders.It is for such a scheme, there are two strong and large kingdom in the Nile Valley - Northern or Upper, Egypt and South, or Lower Egypt.The rulers of both kingdoms had enough power and a strong army.However, luck was the king of Upper Egypt, in a bitter struggle, he triumphed over its southern rival, and about 3118, he conquered the kingdom nizhneegipetskoe and Mina became the first pharaoh of Egypt and the founder of the unified state, and that's why when there were the first state.
Egypt - the first state
now in the hands of a single ruler were focused all the productive resources of the Nile, there are all conditions for the development of a unified state system of irrigated agriculture, and now the one who supervised with significant material resources.Fragmentation weakens the country replaced a strong, unified state, and further development of Egypt's perfectly demonstrates all the positive aspects of this process.For many years this country has dominated the entire Middle East region.Other favored areas of the Earth, Mesopotamia, was unable to overcome the centrifugal forces that existed here for the city-state could not unite under the rule of a single monarch.Therefore, the constant conflicts have destabilized the political and economic situation that has enabled Egypt to get ahead, and soon the Sumerian states fall into the sphere of influence of the Egyptian state, and then the other powerful states in the region.And say what the state came first, with chronological accuracy is not possible, therefore, the first state of the planet is considered Egypt.
theories of the genesis of political entities
most objective theory to the question of when and why there were the first state is the one according to which the social differentiation has been formed, there was a fairly stable social structure of society and the state, which is formed inThese processes and phenomena - a law designed to ensure the necessary stability of the entire social system.That's when, and why there were the first state.This way is applicable to all power relations in the history of mankind.But the causes of the state much more, it can be a hostile environment, which contributes to the consolidation of society, strengthening the role of the individual, which acts as a ruler.Also play an important role borrowing from others more developed nations.Religious and ideological component also contributes to this, it is enough to recall Muhammad - the founder of the new religion of Islam, and that the importance it played in the establishment of the Arab Caliphate.Therefore, the first state is a result of a set of conditions, but the main criterion was nevertheless the level of economic development.
Summarizing
first state, mainly based on the strength, the power always implies submission.And in terms of the ancient world, it was the only way to preserve vast areas, often inhabited by very different and unlike tribes.Therefore many states have emerged as a kind of organization for productive development, but did not intervene in local affairs, requiring only the fulfillment of certain obligations and obedience.Often she wore formal character, because of this the first state were extremely unstable.
