One of the most difficult languages - a Russian.Most of his written words are not as pronounced.Therefore, the difficulty in spelling test not only foreigners studying Russian, but also the people who speak it since childhood.Once the child begins to learn to write, he immediately faced with the need to learn the different spelling rules, ie orfogrammy.Only when their application is possible to write correctly in Russian.Therefore, the notion of what orthograms schoolboy found in the first class.
Signs orfogramm
order to write correctly, few know what orthograms, should be able to find it in words and to apply correctly.To do this, the student must be taught to recognize its symptoms.After orfogrammy is not in all the words, but only those where the sound is in a weak position.This place is at the end of words in consonant clusters, unstressed position of vowel or vowel after a sizzling, compound words and some other cases.For example, "in of yes", "zu b ", " MF Astier", "yellow " or "self of years."
Types orfogramm
Once the word is found in the position orfogrammy, you need to determine the conditions of selecting the correct spelling.It usually depends on part of speech in place of sound or speech of the word value.Accordingly, various kinds of stand orfogramm.For example, the spelling of unstressed vowels in the root of the word, in the set-top boxes, end after a sizzling, spelling consonants, fused and separate writing "no" and no "and many others. In total, the school studied 70 orfogramm. But even learn them all by heart, everythe child can use them and write competently.
The biggest difficulty is the spelling of vowels in the root of the word. It is difficult to determine at the hearing that in this place there orthograms. The words that you need to remember, are collected in the spelling dictionary. There are so many, and rarelywho knows them all. In addition, the Russian language there are always new words, the spelling of which also need to remember. It is difficult to remember as the correct spelling of terms and words of foreign origin. For example, "hockey", "coalition", "legitimate" and many others.
difficulty in studying the Russian language in the fact that most rules have exceptions. Therefore, it is desirable to teach them all by heart.For example, the spelling of vowels after hissing, "n" and "nn" in the suffix or vocabulary words.Do not give in to the rules of writing the words "parachute", "windy" or "Dawn".
orfogrammy How to apply in writing
Therefore, even if the student knows what orthograms, and learned them all, it does not guarantee that it will write competently.Hardest of all foreigners studying Russian.After all, the correct application orfogramm need to understand the intricacies of the lexical meanings of words, to be able to allocate them morpheme, to determine the part of speech to which the word.For example, the value depends on the choice of words in such a vowel combinations, "intone the song" or "drink the medicine."In addition, it is important to correctly pronounce the word.Often it depends on the choice of the desired letter in writing.For example, after sizzling in the suffix of nouns and adjectives unstressed is written "about" - so as to pronounce: "hook", "down", "kumachovy."
Why are the majority of students graduating from school, mistakes in words?After all, they know what orthograms can tell you the rules, but they fail to use them.Many simply do not see a place where you can make a mistake.After all, to determine the place orfogrammy in the word, you know the rules of the Russian language: to be able to distinguish between parts of speech, grammar and vocabulary to determine the meaning of words and parse words in composition.In addition, the need to develop students' phonetic hearing, so that they can immediately hear what position is sound, where the accent falls, and whether there is a word separator "b" and "v".
