During World War II, including all the equipment, applied the warring parties, special interest are those combat units, the effect of which was based on the use of the principle of direct reaction.
This principle was first studied experimentally in ancient times.Apparently, Hero of Alexandria became the first researcher.It is known that one hundred and twenty years before the Christian era, he created the first jet turbine.It represented a hollow sphere with a hollow side "processes" which were bent at an angle of 90 °.Inside the ball is fed pairs.When through the side of the tube ("processes") pairs went outside, the ball started to spin.However, the fact of having established Heron driving force in the practical application of the time did not find.
first information on the use of the direct reaction for missile date back to the 10th century.However, considered more reliable evidence to launch rockets in China in the 13th century during the Mongol invasion.
idea of using direct reaction soon penetrated into Europe.But there she did not develop.To a large extent this was due to the fact that in the 14th century was created handguns (gun), which proved to be more effective than the Chinese missiles.
Missile business interested in Russia.In 1680 it was set up in Moscow, the first workshop for making rockets.In its work took an active part afterwards Peter I.
parallel with the development of the missile case was studied and jet propulsion.For information about some of the developments in this area date back to the 17th century.Jet Propulsion actively studied scientific figures.It is described by the law of conservation of momentum.Reactive movement - this movement of the body caused by the separation of part of it with some speed.To have survived in this area of Newton, Huygens, Bernoulli, Zhukovsky and others.
in Russia by the end of the 19th century for the first time there is an idea to use jet propulsion in aircraft construction.The project was created by the idea known Narodnaya Volya Kibalchich in 1881.Later in his writings, Tsiolkovsky developed this project by proposing in 1903 to use jet propulsion in interplanetary communication.Further development of this scientific sphere received in the writings of Goddard, Oberth, Lorena.These and other figures in his experiments explored different options for the use of the direct reaction, mainly applies to jet engines.
But it should be noted that the collected theoretical material of the first decade of the 20th century was not enough to apply it in practice during the First World War.While the principle of jet propulsion used primarily in lighting and flares.
period between the First and Second World Wars differs an active and hard work in the development of jet technology.As a result of this work, a new weapon was widely used during the fighting.Today
jet technology is primarily military value and develops in two main ways: as a direct reaction of the engine in the aircraft structure and as a reactive type of weapon in the artillery.Along with this widespread and signaling and lighting means as a kind of specified equipment.
also observed reactive movement in nature.For example, squid, octopus, jellyfish, cuttlefish tend displacement due to the discharged water jet.In the vegetable world it can also be observed the principle of jet propulsion.For example, in the southern states plants grow "squirting cucumber."From a light touch to the ripe fruit, which looks like a cucumber, it bounces off the stalk.At the same time from the fruit flies through the hole liquid with seeds."Cucumber" is flying in the opposite direction.It should be noted that the speed of the emitted fluid is ten meters per second, and fruit can fly off at twelve meters.
