sociology as a science is otral scientific knowledge about society and its components: public relations, systems zakonomernornostyah development, social institutions, etc.
Sociology in Russia has a complex fate.Political troubles directly affected the development of sociological theory and practice.
Researchers believe that sociology in Russia got its start in the mid-nineteenth century.The reason was the political and social problems of Russian society.By the end of the XIX century the level of development of sociology was quite high compared to foreign sociological theory.In this regard, it should be noted that the formation of scientific concepts of pre-revolutionary sociology was influenced by the works of both foreign sociologists and social movements in Russia this period - Slavophilism and Westernism.
Experts note that the period of the early twentieth century has been marked by achievements in the development of Russian sociologists of scientific sociological knowledge and the formation of the Russian school of sociology.Sociology in Russia introduced European scientific community a new direction.Pyrite Sorokin singled out following the sociological school of this period: mechanical, synthetic, geographic, biological, biosocial.
After the events of 1917, sociology in Russia, as well as other social sciences came under tight ideological control of the state.The practical importance of science has been questioned.Representatives of sociological thought, or were forced to leave the country, or were affected by the totalitarian regime.Perhaps this process is related to the fact that in the period of the revolutionary events of 1905 there was a confrontation with the majority of Russian sociologists, theorists of Marxism.The result was the attitude of ideological isolation separation of sociology from the European.The names of Russian sociologists have been forgotten, and the works of Western scholars were presented after a certain ideological views.
Speaking about the development of sociology in Russia, it is necessary to mention those researchers who have played a significant role in the development of sociological knowledge in Russia.
Nikolay Yakovlevich Danilevsky (1822-1885).The representative of the anti-evolutionary model of development of society.He developed the idea of Pan-Slavism.Scientific work "Russia and Europe" is popular in sociological circles to this day.
Lavrovich Lavrov Peter (1823-1900).The representative of the direction of sociological thought "anthropologism."Historians have attributed the emergence suektivizma named Peter Lavrov.It should be noted that the subjective sociology in Russia is developing in the direction of determining the leading role of the individual in the historical progress.Peter Lavrov has defined many of the concepts of sociology, which are still used in scientific circles.
Ilyich Mechnikov Leo (1838- 1888).The representative of the "geographical school" in Russian sociology.Community development linked to the importance of geography, substantiated stages of civilization under the influence of water: a river, Mediterranean, oceanic.
St. Michael, Nicholas Roerich (1842-1904).A follower of the populist trend in literature and sociology.Developed sociological ideas about the individual's role in social progress.
Kareev Nikolai Ivanovich (1850-1931).He made a great contribution to the history of sociology, the development of its methodological framework.
Pitirim Sorokin (1889-1968) representative empirical neo (critical realism).The central idea of sociological thought at Sorokin is worth.He had an enormous influence on the development of modern sociology.His works require further reflection and analysis.
development of science in modern Russia is experiencing a scientific bution rise.The study of the history of sociology allows us to apply sociological thought in the new historical conditions.
