One of the classic processes of the economy is the turnover of capital.It consists of two stages:
- finding labor cost items in inventory of the enterprise;
- passing her stages of work in progress and deferred costs.
carry out this revolution in the production process.
main attribute, which is involved in this back - funds that the company or the company advances to the Revolving Fund.Such funds are called in economic theory - current assets of the enterprise.The most common indication for this economic category is the concept of working capital, which indicates a certain amount of (part) of the total industrial capital of the enterprise, which is fully consumed in one full turn, carries the cost of production and the result is returned to the enterprise in the form of money.
Working capital includes money spent on the purchase of consumer goods, and the costs associated with compensation of employees.Accordingly, it exists in two areas - the production and circulation.
Going into circulation, it is part of kapitaloobrascheniya which, in turn, also presented two kinds of capital - commodity and money.Here, working capital in two stages - it is in a part of the value of production and the composition of cash.After the sale of manufactured products, funds are spent on the purchase of a new batch of the necessary resources for reproduction and salary.
Based on this understanding of the structure and genesis of turnover formulate that current assets of the company are in fact working capital and its appeal, presented in the form of money.The process of their movement can be represented by the following algorithm: money - inventory - work in progress - finished products - the money.The figure shows that the current assets of the enterprise are:
- stocks of raw materials, components, energy, that is all that can be used in the production process;
- parts and assemblies that are still in the processing and in the assembly process, that is something that relates to the work in progress;
- objects of labor, used to run the production process and its maintenance;
- prepaid expenses - resources that company invests in training the next production cycle;
- those current assets of the enterprise, which it assumes to be used for the development of new products.
by nature of origin, they are classified as equity and debt.The first are always in the hands of the company, and it may dispose of them at any time.The latter typically represent credit and solutions intended for interim tasks.In addition, there are in circulation and attracted funds, which have a variety of sources, but primarily it is the resources earmarked funding.
How effective functioning current assets of the enterprise depends on the nature of the aspect ratio of working capital and kapitaloobrascheniya.The higher the percentage, the higher the efficiency of current assets, and vice-versa respectively.
In addition, evaluation of the current assets of the enterprise includes other indicators.The main ones are the consumption of materials and turnover, which are characterized by a number of factors:
- turnover ratio;
- time duration of a turn;
- load factor means;
- recovery factor;
- release parameters.
ratio between the components and stages of the passage of the turnover structure called current assets.
