Even in the last years of the Soviet Union in terms of decline began Army Airborne troops represented a considerable force, which was used in all the local conflicts on the territory of the former Soviet Union.And for good reason, because then adopted the doctrine prescribes the use of troops, "Uncle Vasya" as a means of pre-emptive strike.Vividly proven blue berets during the Prague event in 1968 and in Afghanistan.
Whatever it was, but some machines and not much BMD navoyuesh: paratroopers urgently needed weapons, capable of withstanding jumping from the plane, but with combat power, comparable to artillery systems.Ensure that this could only artillery, to work together with the paratroopers.
While in service were installing ASU-ASU-57 and 85, which were intended to suppress a possible enemy heavy armored vehicles.Their performance was quite acceptable for the time, but the landing itself for their deployment has not been applied: ASU needed carefully unloaded from the plane, sat down on the airfield.Naturally, neither of which surprise in this case, the speech could not go.
Start developing a new machine
Of course, the status quo could not possibly hold high command.The order was given: to begin designing a machine that would be fully able to meet all the requirements set forth above.So there was a gun mount "Nona".Of course, it happened not once.
Its development began in the 60s, and as a platform has been used BMD-1.The new self-propelled gun 2C2 received tentative name "Violet".Immediately it became clear that a powerful 122-mm gun, which had been "borrowed" from the ACS "Carnation" simply destroys too shaky for him chassis BMD.At the same time, long-suffering chassis was developed 120-mm self-propelled mortar "Lily," but some of the same reasons it has not taken advantage of.
A series of "objects»
By the mid-70s in Volgograd have been created fundamentally new designs of light tanks, designed specifically for the needs of the Airborne Troops ("Object 934" and "Object 685").Their main weapon was a powerful 100-mm gun.Unfortunately, due to some design flaws and disputes with developers, they also did not go to series.The problem of equipping the troops winged mobile artillery become more acute.
Birth "Nona»
However, in those years on arms airborne troops still enrolled BTR-D.In contrast to the same BMD (on the basis of which it was created), a new technique was much more load capacity, since the old chassis lengthened to one support roller.
Finally, specialists from the Central Research Institute of precision engineering, as well as the legendary designers Permian "Motovilikha", taking into account all the negative experience of their colleagues, created a brand new 120-mm gun 2A51.Its uniqueness was that on the basis of the weapons could create a universal artillery system, which would include the whole range of positive qualities mortar guns and howitzers.
new self-propelled gun, established on the basis of this gun, called ACS 2S9 "NONA C".It is widely believed, though his name she received from some passions Chief Designer, but everything is much more prosaic: the name stands for "New Gun ground artillery."
fundamental difference from other samples
course, many crammed nauseam the phrase "has no analogues in the world."But if you discuss SAU 2S9 "NONA C", then the stamp more than fair.
uniqueness (again, this word is appropriate in this case) of the system is that it is enjoying modest dimensions, provides excellent fire power on the battlefield, but still can be used as a replacement of several types of weapons!To begin with, the gun mount "Nona" not only confident suppress enemy infantry, but even fight the enemy tanks.Largely as impressive characteristics SAU obliged widest range missiles.
on used guns
What then can fire projectiles installation "Nona", the characteristics of which are given below?
most prominent high-explosive artillery equipment.Maximum range of fire - almost 9 kilometers, and because of the low (no more than 360 m / sec) of the initial velocity and the specific ballistics fire they can "hitch."Especially well-behaved they have shown in Afghanistan, when the enemy managed to beat a particularly important passes, even without engaging with them in a direct fire contact.On the effectiveness of these shells in a little inferior to analogues howitzer 152 mm, widespread in the army of our countries, and among the member states of NATO.
Thus, the installation of "Nona", which has a photo in the article - a truly unique specimen of weapons.
Mines
particularly important (in terms of specific operations Airborne), which is the minimum possible distance using such shell is 1.7 km away, and mine - about 400 meters.Since the performance of tools allows using the standard 120-mm shells, paratroopers available all of the widest range.Conventional high-explosive fragmentation mine Gun Mount "Nona" can shoot at 7.3 km.The great advantage of tools is that it allows without any alterations to use any 120-mm mortar shells foreign countries.
Rockets
Besides other things, the ammunition could include rocket-assisted projectile.Their design incorporated a jet engine that can fire 13 kilometers.In this role setting "Nona", photos are available in the article, it can be effectively used for weapons of compounds, whose main task is to destroy the enemy heavy armored vehicles.
should especially mention controlled missiles, which can self-induced on purpose by using a laser pointer.They hit tanks and other heavy equipment from the top, in the most unprotected part.The probability of destroying the target in this case is at least 0.8-0.9.This type of munition is called "Kitolov-2."It also can be successfully used self-propelled guns, "Nona", a photo of which you will see in this article.
However, to combat armored vehicles can be used conventional cumulative projectiles.If the initial velocity of 560 m / s provides acceptable accuracy of the technique of the enemy at ranges of up to one kilometer, and the ability to burn up to 600 mm homogeneous armor suggests that with their help it is possible to produce all modern MBT defeat a potential enemy.
Features loading mechanism
Since the use of mines with significant elevations - intensive occupation for the crew, loading mechanism has been equipped with a special chambering system that runs on compressed air.Among other things, the possibility of a module that uses 2S9 "Nona", claimed after each shot to purge the barrel, which significantly reduces the fumes in the crew compartment, increasing the comfort of the crew.
Some specifications
Since the self-propelled gun was created taking into account the possibility of its landing, the designers had to maximally facilitate construction.As a material for armor has been used special aluminum alloy, which, however, protects the crew from weapons-machine-gun fire.Lightweight and water-resistant provide positive buoyancy, thereby "Nona" can independently boost the water obstacles.
Diesel engine power - 240 l / s, and the quality and reliable hydro-pneumatic suspension allows ACS "Nona" accelerate on the highway and 60 km / h, and the water - up to 9 km / h.Among other things, it allows you to control the suspension in the event of a need to reduce the height of the vehicle by 35 cm.
Other varieties
Afghanistan after it became clear that the gun mount "Nona" - a very effective weapon.Development is so pleased with the representatives of different types of troops that they have expressed a desire to get something like that for all land weapons infantry formations of aircraft.And because it was developed and adopted for service towed 2B16 ACS "Nona-K".
With its unique muzzle brake, which eliminates up to 1/3 of energy recoil, the gun turned out very easy to do.Its weight does not exceed 1,200 kilograms.Almost all of the tools can be folded, which greatly facilitates the transport and deployment in difficult environments.To move designed GAZ-66, but empirically it has been proven that more or less decent road with its carriage handle even UAZ-469.Since the ends of the trails are rollers, if necessary gun can navigate the battlefield forces its calculation.Another option
chassis
In Perm, under the direction of talented Yuri Kalachnikova in 1990 was created 2S23 "NONA CRS."
chassis used in this embodiment, the BTR-80.To fit a new tool out there, we had to completely rework the design of the tower, in fact, re-create it.The big advantage was the impressive inner volume of the housing APCs, through which managed to increase Ammunition 2S9 "Nona" right up to 30 shots.In the same conditions of combat missiles can literally score all the troop compartment, which further increases the value of this setting.In addition, especially for firing from the closed position into the design "NONA CRS" was included feeder shells from the ground.
Additional armament
to provide additional firepower, the tower designers additionally installed a machine gun PKT of 7.62 mm, which can be remotely controlled gun commander.For additional weapons crew included four ammunition MANPADS "Igla", four AK-74 (or equivalent), and a half dozen grenades (RGD or F-1, depending on the situation).Among other things, the tower mounted grenade launchers for smoke grenades.
Thus, "Nona" - a weapon that provides a solution widest range of combat missions that can only be assigned to any infantry or landing connection.
positive features of the new chassis
By using the chassis of the BTR-80 was able to significantly improve the speed and maneuverability of the new machine.Firstly, the maximum speed was increased to 60 km / h and a cruising range of 600 km now.In addition, the wheeled chassis of the BTR-80 is extremely reliable in the troop over long distances: all the 600 kilometers of the car could go on their own, without any damage and forced shutdowns.
Among other things, the standard chassis dramatically reduces repair and training of personnel, significantly reduced operating costs.To date, we have already proved that the machines based on the BTR-80 cost 1.5-2 times cheaper to operate than the "Nona" at the BRDM-1.
Mortar modification
Today created easy semi-mortar "Nona-M", the charging of which the breech.His weight is such that the calculation can in a few minutes to take it apart and move or in the home or be transported on pack animals and light automotive engineering.This makes "Nona-M" an indispensable weapon for the wooded and mountainous terrain.
Conclusions
Today "Nona" has no analogues in the world of power and flexibility in a variety of combat conditions.Since the machine uses a whole range of common shells used by Land Forces of the Russian Federation, its effectiveness is equally great in any theater of operations.Features Battery "Nona" are such that they leave far behind the standard mortar calculations mechanized infantry units.Thus, "Nona" - weapons, really has no analogues in Russian troops.
In addition, all the achievements that have been used in the creation and modification, "Nona", actively apply our designers with the introduction of fundamentally new artillery systems.
Other self-propelled Russia
You probably could get the false impression that the self-propelled gun "Nona" - the only instrument in its class, standing in service of our country.This is not true.
«Vienna»
analog of the plant is considered "Vienna", in many respects similar to the described system.In contrast, "Nona", it was established on the basis of the BMP-3.As in the previous case, armed with a 120 mm gun.Alas, but for all its benefits (increased security personnel, for example) "Vienna" and still present in the army almost single copies.
What else are self-propelled artillery Russian?In principle, they are not so little.Let's list the main:
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2S19 "MSTA-S".
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2S1 "Carnation".
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2S3 "Acacia".
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2S5 "Hyacinth" and 2S25 "Octopus-diabetes."
All of the above samples except for "Octopus" - heavy howitzers, the main weapon that has a caliber of 152 mm.Their tasks are somewhat different from those performing self-propelled gun "Nona".So, their main purpose is shooting from the closed position or the destruction of the fortified enemy positions.For example, in Grozny in 1995 it was the installation "MSTA-S" effectively used to suppress enemy defenses in depth.
All self-propelled artillery Russian different from their Western counterparts unification with each other and with the T-72 MBT (and T-90, respectively).This circumstance provides both a simple repair, and low cost of operation.
