Since 1928 thanks to the work of Alexander Fleming's people learned about antibiotics.In 1943 they went into mass production and widespread medical use.However, along with the use of open many unpleasant factors of their negative effects on the body (allergic reaction, disorder of the intestinal microflora, reducing the natural immunity to a minimum limit, etc.).
question arises: do not naturally there are natural antibiotics, those that are created by living organisms and do not have such a powerful destructive action, along with a therapeutic effect?It turns out there are.And more recently they have been discovered and named sweet smells.
concept
These groups of substances - volatile compounds of different chemical nature, which are contained in plant organisms.If we examine the term, it consists of two components: phyton - "plant" and caedo - "kill."Hence it becomes clear biological meaning of these compounds - they are able to inhibit other plants.
However, after a thorough research it became clear that they not only kill them, but also micro-organisms, bacteria, protozoa, fungi, some viruses.Thus, volatile - a natural antibiotic directed action, formed in vivo.
Chemical nature
to determine the chemical structure of these substances has been done a lot of experiments.However it is known today is still small.The fact is that volatile production - is a set of compounds volatile nature.For example, here can be attributed in plants:
- glycosides;
- terpenes;
- flavonoids;
- phenolic compounds;
- catechins;
- anthocyanins;
- tannins;
- phenolic acids;
- components of essential oils.
According to the structure - a complex organic heterocyclic compounds that make up the whole combination with each other.Properties volatile exhibit well-defined - a depressing effect on the microscopic structure of living organisms, as well as certain types of plants.
history of discovery and study
first of compounds such as volatile, spoke only in 1928 thanks to the work of BP Topkina.He was the first conducted experiments with a simple gruel from the pulp of onion, which showed how destructive it operates on ciliates, bacteria and fungi.
Although it is known from ancient times, there are a number of plants belonging to the drug, which have antimicrobial, antibacterial and healing, tonic effect.Echinacea, Maral root, red brush, onion, garlic, blueberries, pine trees and others - these are the plants that are used to treat colds and other diseases from the time of development of human civilization.Of course, no one could explain from a scientific point of view, which explains that a good therapeutic effect.
But over time, the technical possibility to isolate and study the components that are responsible for it.So they were called volatile production.The term offered their opener, BP Topkin, in the same 1928.Later a number of scientists were made conclusions about the properties possessed by these substances.It became clear that volatile production - is a naturally occurring antibiotic.In 1937, G. Molisch studied the phenomenon of allelopathy (inhibitory effect of some types of creatures on the other by chemical action, natural ingredients).In fact, his work is reduced to the study of which exhibit the properties of volatile.
Even a number of scientists (Gryummer, Winter, Grodzinskiy) experimentally in the laboratory examined the phenomenon of allelopathy.But the result was the conclusion that in the conditions of artificial and natural effect is much different in efficiency.They began to talk about the absence of even the ecological importance of volatile production.However, these views are not supported by all.For example, in Japan, China, Russia important today given the medical procedures that are based on plants.Volatile help fight a number of diseases, and the impact it should be under natural conditions (pine forests, grassy fields, gardens and so on).
value for human and animal
On that first of all affect the plant, volatile, if we talk about humans and mammals?
- Reduce quantitative content of germs in the air up to 250 times per 1 m3.Therefore, walking in the woods, where there are similar plants (pine, oak groves, deciduous), improve the condition of the lungs, respiratory system normalize.They are very useful for patients with tuberculosis, other diseases in this area.Good bronchodilator effect in lime, thyme, birch.
- It oak trees have the ability to normalize high blood pressure, so this treatment is indicated in hypertensive patients.
- Many herbs containing volatile and vitamins, strengthen the immune system, acting sedative, normalize sleep and mental state (lemon balm, oregano, etc.).
- gipotonik to increase pressure recommended substance lilac and poplar.Many volatile
- have vasodilating action, thereby relieve headaches, cramps (peppermint).
- These compounds ionize air molecules deposited dust is cleaned and decontaminated environment.Accordingly, to improve the overall atmosphere for the normal development of living beings.
- number of plants helps to fight colds, infectious and viral diseases (onion, garlic, raspberries, blueberries, radishes, mustard, and others).
Thus, the importance of volatile production for human and animal organisms is important.With them, you can rid yourself of the use of strong antibiotics, synthesized artificially prevent the formation of the consequences they entail for themselves.Of course, the effect of volatile production will not be as fast, but more soft, gentle and effective.
effect on plant organisms
Many studies, including the experience of hard-core gardeners and gardeners have shown that different plants differently able to coexist side by side.For example, the deleterious effect on each other:
- grapes and cabbage;
- beans and onions, spinach, garlic;
- peas and tomatoes;
- cabbage and potatoes;
- parsnips, horseradish, celery and cabbage;
- potatoes and melons;
- peas and gladioli.
therefore volatile and other volatile compounds produced by plants, can inhibit the growth and development of each other, and often, on the contrary, to help in this.In such combinations, founded a successful fruit and vegetable growing.
Volatile garlic
main component of the chemical composition of volatile production plants such as garlic, allicin has been named.It is this compound gives a sharp odor.His merit belongs devastating effect on different species of bacteria, fungi.
Volatile garlic used with the most ancient civilizations and in different countries.These plants are protected from disease, protects the house from vampires treat gastrointestinal diseases.Some nationalities garlic was even a symbol.
Today, there are alcoholic extract of plant drugs based on it.Detrimental effect on E. coli, many types of microscopic fungi, bacillus, bacteria, cholera and typhoid fever caused widespread use of garlic.
Phytoncides onion
Along with garlic onion is used to treat many diseases with the most ancient times.In addition to the volatile production, it includes:
- vitamins;
- organic acids;
- minerals;
- essential oil.
All components together make the bow very valuable plant for use in food and medicinal purposes.Also drawing and slurry out of it accelerates the healing process and delaying healing.
Phytoncides bow part of the essential oil, which has a sharp characteristic odor, in contact with mucous membranes of the eyes cause irritation and tearing.They are able to win sticks: cholera, tuberculosis, dysentery, Staphylococcus aureus.
volatile in a harmonious combination of onions and garlic can fight colds, from microbes to clean indoor air and improve human health.
Essential oils - a source of volatile production
One of the main substances containing different volatile, it is essential oils.They are part of many (substantially all) of the plant, but in different amounts.There are flora, which is very rich in these compounds, and hence the sweet smells.For example, mint, lemon balm, conifer trees, tomatoes, onions and garlic, mustard, horseradish, cherries, radishes, currants and others.There are those in which the minimum content of essential oils and volatile production - is cucumbers, persimmons, bananas.Also, localization of essential oils are not the same in plants.Someone more of them in the leaves, while others - in the roots or stems.
Conifers and their use
Phytoncides trees are the main air cleaner on the streets.Particularly useful in this regard conifers, since the resin and essential oils contain a large amount of these compounds.Pine, spruce, larch, fir, cedar - walks in the woods, where they grow extremely positive effect on the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive and nervous systems.
In China and Japan used therapies cases it is through the influence of air containing volatile conifers.It gives positive results.
names of medicinal plants listed above
plants emit volatile - this is not the entire list.In addition to the above, they include:
- lavender;
- Zubrovka;
- myrtle;
- ylang-ylang;
- all citrus;
- orchids;
- cypress;
- walnut;
- tulips;
- me-nots;
- marigold;
- daisy;
- series;
- celandine;
- lily of the valley, and many others.
use extracts of these and other plants - the basis of non-traditional and traditional medicine.
Fitodizayn
volatile production - is a source of freshness, cleanliness and good air.Therefore, there is a trend in landscaping as fitodizayn.It involves planting so many fitontsidsoderzhaschih plant, which is able to deal with air pollutants and keep it in decent condition.That is phyto - a way to improve the ecological environment, enhance health and prevent the development of microbial diseases weight.
