Located Putorana State Nature Reserve in the two areas of the Taimyr Autonomous District - Khatanga and Dudinka and the Evenk Autonomous District, Ilim region.Reserve Center takes full Putoransky mountain range.Protected lands have a total area of about 1.8 million. Ha.
This buffer zone includes today 3 cordon: Dyupkun Lake, Lake and Lake Dog Manumakli.And 2 hospital for research purposes: the lake and the lake Ayan Kutaramakan.
history Reserve
Putorana Reserve (map above) was formed from the reserve of the same name only in 1988, despite the fact that the question of his organization was considered in 1970.In 2001, there was a significant event - the reserve was nominated for the status, which allows it to be among one of the objects of natural and cultural heritage of the world organization UNESCO.
Putorana Reserve: climate
The Putorana Reserve sharply continental climate characterized by high amplitude of temperature.This figure is in the east of 100 ° C, while in the north - 86 ° C.Polar day lasts 74 days (May 16 - 29 July), and the polar night - 56 days (November 25 - January 13).
On Putoransky dress is very clearly visible geographic zoning can not be said about other regions of Russia.In different parts of the plateau formed its landscape significantly differ among themselves, despite the fact that this area has the same geological and morphological structure.Plateau is located in the place of crossing longitudinal and latitudinal natural areas.For the southern part characterized by temperate and subarctic climate zones, which means that the passage is the main border between the two types of terrain belonging to the highest taxonomic rank.
Human activities
Putoransky mountain system, especially if we talk about its southern, northern and eastern parts, used in the past very well the indigenous people of the region to conduct fishing, hunting and reindeer breeding.Such methods of use of natural resources, traditional for the Far North, all the time worked in a certain way on the flora and fauna of the mountain plateau.It is clearly the anthropogenic impact on the change in the number of affected easily vulnerable species, the very first refers to a population of Putorana bighorn sheep.
negative impact of human activity in
Putoransky charming wildlife reserve Russia has never been a strong human impact, which allowed around the living natural world left virtually intact.In this region, human activity is manifested only in the occupation of indigenous people fishing, hunting and reindeer herding.
Nevertheless, as a result of the impact of significantly decreased the number of local endemic - Putorana bighorn sheep, became slightly less elk, wild reindeer, wolverines, weasels, sables, wolves and foxes.
industrial enterprises in the region slightly.Among them, the main object, which affects the surrounding nature conservation area negatively, is the largest mining and metallurgical plant located in Norilsk.It is not far from the western border of Putorana Reserve, approximately 150-200 kilometers away.Is a company engaged in mining of metal ores and metals, so there are always dirty air emissions, which contain heavy metal oxides, sulfur, carbon and dust.
all very negative impact on nature and ultimately leads to changes in vegetation cover in the western part as the Putorana Reserve and buffer zone.In literature you can find a lot of information about the impact of industrial emissions on local plants, while the employees themselves Reserve not conduct their own research.It is still not fully established the exact size of the area that is exposed to harmful industrial emissions.According to some preliminary estimates of work Mining and Metallurgical Combine in Norilsk negatively affects approximately 10.1 square Putorana Reserve and 1/3 of the buffer zone.
Natural Beauty
The reserve is considered to be the central subject of extensive natural Putorana Plateau, which covers an area of 2.5 million hectares.In Central Siberia, it is considered the largest trap basalt plateau.In the post-Soviet space nowhere else observed this type of terrain.It is worth noting that the plateau economic activities are not conducted in the history of ever.
Hydrological objects are represented in the reserve closes river basin - Khatanga Pyasina and the largest - the Yenisei.
Puritan Reserve has many waterfalls, giving it incredible beauty.It is the highest in Russia waterfall (108 meters).
Numerous lakes Putorana Reserve is famous for its uniqueness and great depth within 180-420 meters.
Vegetation
In Putoransky reserve where wildlife Russia is revealed in all its glory, there are 398 higher plants, accounting for 61% of the total flora of the plateau.Among them it is worth noting rare plants such as poppies belovoloskovy, slipper spotted, Rhodiola rosea and globe-Asian.There are also endemic Putorana - colorful poppy, marigold and later oxytrope Putoransky among endemic mountain systems and Byrranga Putoran - fescue ushkovataya and endemic to the Siberian north longhorned presented dandelion, oxytrope Taimyr and Sitnic long-nosed.
Land animals
Putorana Reserve combines vertebrate taiga, tundra, forest and other common animals found in the mountains.Plateau is the northern limit of the distribution of many species, including sable, lynx, squirrel pine, moose, Goshawk, forest lemming, grouse, capercaillie stone and ordinary, woodpeckers, hawk owl, deaf and cuckoo, many species of passerine, Kulikovother animals.
The region north of Central Siberia is the main nesting white-tailed eagle and the vulture.To the south-eastern part of the characteristic nesting curlew, baby, and in the center of the Putorana plateau inhabited by a large part of the population Putorana bighorn sheep.It is home to large number of bears, wolves and wolverines, playing in the local biocenoses significant role.
unique and very striking phenomenon wildlife reserve Putoransky considered seasonal migration of a large number of wild reindeer.An important part of the area of migration routes is Putorana Plateau, through which almost all the Taimyr reindeer population (about 450-480 thousand individuals).On the plateau during the year they are about 5-6 months.Pass by a narrow front, is from 100 to 150 kilometers, so it can be concluded that there is a so-called migration channel that transmits every year up to 220 thousands of wild reindeer.
Amphibians: Siberian salamander
It is the only animal in the class of amphibians, represented in Putoransky plateau.The typical form for the whole of the taiga region of Russia, common to the northern regions to the forest-tundra zone, almost to its northern borders.However Siberian salamander is very rare for the northern part of the Krasnoyarsk region and is often found only in the upper reaches of the Stony Tunguska River in the pine forests.
In the center of the Putorana reserve the representative of amphibians found in July 1982 in Lake Harpicha.Therefore, in case of finding himself in a Siberian newt number of four individuals at the center of the Putorana Mountains at an altitude of 481 meters it is a very important event and a particular interest in terms of zoogeography.
Endemic Reserve - Putorana bighorn sheep
Putorana Reserve is the only region inhabited by one of the greatest little-known animals in the world - Putorana bighorn sheep, or bighorn.He highlighted here as a separate subspecies, and is included in the Red Book of the Soviet Union, and now Russia.The area of his residence - the central district Putoransky mountains, at a distance of hundreds of kilometers from the region of distribution of other subspecies of bighorn sheep.
Waterworld Putoran
The Putorana Reserve in the waters of the rivers is found 36 species of fish.It noted a lot of endemic species such as Arctic grayling, whitefish and char fish.Most of them have been studied so far not enough, not determined their taxonomic status.The presence of many intraspecific forms greatly increases the variety of fish of the protected zone.
main protected species
mammals most carefully guarded by the following: collared lemming, bighorn sheep, elk, ermine, caribou, muskrat, sable, lynx, brown bear.Among the birds - merlin, piskulka, hawk owl, white-tailed eagle, bearded owl, grouse and an ordinary stone, black crane, goshawk, Swan small.
most protected species represented Siberian grayling, whitefish, whitefish and char Arctic Ussuri, and as amphibians, protected only the Siberian salamander.
Reserves Krasnoyarsk Territory
total in the Krasnoyarsk region has seven nature reserves.Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of Russia in August last year it was decided to combine the Krasnoyarsk reserves.Putoransky, Taimyr, Great Arctic Nature Reserve Krasnoyarsk Territory were combined.
Reserves Taimyr have a lot of tourist attractions.It lakes, gorges, plateaus and mountain caves.Despite the remoteness of the place of the number of visitors is growing.Management reserves the Taimyr has developed the following projects of tourist excursions: environmental, event, educational and ethno-tourism.
