Peering out the window or walking down the street, you can admire the infinite beauty of the surrounding nature.And all this beauty is made basically just a plant.Such a variety of bright, fresh and juicy, they just beckon to touch them, enjoy their flavor and plenty to admire the splendor.
The diversity of plant organisms
Oh, there is a variety of plants!Total to date, there are over 350,000 species of these unique creatures of nature.All of them are not the same as the external structure and the way of life and inner characteristics.
In biological classification plants occupy the whole kingdom.The simplest classification of these organisms will be such:
- lower (body is divided into organs, this algae and lichens);
- higher (the body is divided into organs, those that have the root, stem and leaves).
In turn, plant species diversity manifests itself in the highest category of the division into the following groups:
- Spore (mosses, ferns, horsetails, club mosses).
- Gymnosperms (conifers, Ginkgoales, sagovnikovye).
- angiosperms, or flowering.
systematic Each group has its own classes, genera and species, which is why the diversity of plants on our planet is so great.
Life forms
One of the main grounds on which the flora differ from each other is the appearance.It is this feature of the basis for the classification of life forms.The variety of plants can be seen, if we classify them into groups:
- trees (conifers: pine, spruce, fir and the like; deciduous birch, oak, poplar, apple, etc.).
- shrubs (lilacs, hazel, honeysuckle and so on. D.).
- bushes (currants, rose hips, raspberries).
- Semishrubs (Artemisia, Astragalus, eurotia, solyanka).
- shrubs (lavender, sage).
- Herbs (feather grass, sedge, forget-me, Solomon's seal, lily of the valley, and so on).
This classification covers only higher angiosperm plants, of which the majority of the planet.
Algae
variety of plants and animals in the seas and oceans has always been admired by all researchers and lovers of the underwater world.Beautiful and unusual, bright, dangerous and defenseless, they make the whole world, not completely unexplored, so alluring and mysterious.
What flora found here?This algae and aquatic plants, kept at the water surface or submerged in her back and part of the stem.
Algae are divided into several sections:
- Blue-green (eg, cyanobacteria).
- Green unicellular (Chlamydomonas Volvox).
- Green multicellular (ulothrix, Spirogyra, Ulvi).
- Brown algae (fucus, kelp, Sargassum).
- Red (porphyry radimeriya).
main features of these plants consist in the fact that their body (in multicellular representatives) are not divided into authorities.It is represented by rhizoids and thallus, performs the function of attachment to the substrate.
Flowering
aquatic species diversity of plant species belonging to the aqueous medium is not limited to algae.So many beautiful flowering representatives pleased with its magnificence, floating on the water surface, or immersed in it only part of it.
These include:
- different types of water lilies;
- calla;
- vodokras ordinary;
- bulrush;
- hippuris;
- loosestrife monetchaty;
- host;
- Bolotnitsa needle;
- manna;
- Urut water;
- Siberian iris;
- buttercup water;
- Air marsh and many others.
Plant diversity of salt and freshwater is so great that you can create entire landscapes, both artificial and natural.People use of flora to decorate aquariums, this design of ponds and other man-made sources.
Spore
This group includes about 43 thousand. Kinds of different departments of higher plants.The main ones are the following:
- Bryophytes (mosses, liver, antotserotovye, spread Moss family);
- lycopsids (moss);
- Horsetail (Equisetum).
main feature - it is a way of reproduction, which is reduced to the formation of specialized cells - a dispute.Also interesting is the fact that these plants live, carrying out alternation of generations in the development cycle: sexual generation is replaced by asexual sporophyte gametophyte, and vice versa.These representatives are not able to flower and form seeds and fruits, and therefore belong to the category of spore.Their life is very dependent on water as breeding occurs only in a wet environment.
representatives have an important economic significance and are widely used not only in nature but also in human life.Ornamental, medicinal use of their importance for people.
Conifer
conifers are plants that have the following features:
- leaves modified into a special needle-like shape and are called "needles";
- life form of plants - trees and shrubs;
- internal structure replete with essential oils, resins and terpenes;
- seeds are formed, but the flowers never happens;
- seed enclosed in a cone scales and bare, hence another name - Gymnosperms.
species of coniferous trees very much, about 630. They make a great contribution to the overall diversity of the world of plants are long-lived and valuable tree species.According to some reports, there are pine trees, which are more than 5,000 years!The appearance of coniferous enliven any area, delights and fascinates its grandeur.The most common types can be called:
- pine;
- ate;
- cedars;
- larch;
- cypresses;
- fifth;
- juniper;
- yew.
One of the main attractive features of these plants is that they are evergreen and do not shed their leaves in the winter cold period (exception - larch).
flowering, or angiosperms
It is the largest of all currently known groups of plants, which counted more than 280 thousand species.The main feature - is the formation of the reproductive organ of the flower, which has a special structure, fit for breeding.
The flower bud and seed is formed, which is then protected by the fetal tissues.That is why these plants, called angiosperms.Themselves flowers are so diverse in appearance, shape, color corolla size that can only marvel and wonder.
among flowering of great importance given to medicinal plants.They help people and animals in the fight against various diseases have an impact on almost all body systems.
Classification flowering extensive, so we consider only the most common family of the two main classes - monocots and dicots.
- Monocotyledonous: cereals (rye, wheat, oats, sorghum, millet, maize), lily (tulips, lilies, grouse), onion (onion, garlic, perennial meadow grass).
- Dicotyledones: Rosaceae (rose, pear, plum, apple, raspberry, strawberry, rose), butterfly, or legumes (peanuts, lupins, acacia, soybeans, peas, clover, beans), cruciferous (cabbage, rape, mustard, horseradish, radish), Solanaceae (tomatoes, or tomatoes, peppers, nightshade, eggplant, petunia, etc.), Asteraceae (dandelions, daisies, cornflowers, sunflowers, mother and stepmother, and others).
A variety of flowering plants are so large that they cover all of the same article, of course, impossible.After all, every family in the hundreds and thousands of species has its individual features in the structure and appearance.
Poisonous plants
Unfortunately, despite the unparalleled beauty, many plants have strong toxic properties, that is, they are toxic in varying concentrations contain substances that can paralyze or kill humans, animals and all other living beings.
With such representatives is to acquaint children with the children, so that they understand how much can be dangerous outside world.The variety of plants belonging to the toxic, is large enough, there are thousands of species.To name only a few common representatives:
- snowdrop snow;
- hyacinth east;
- autumn crocus;
- daffodils;
- amaryllis;
- lily of the valley;
- poppy soporific;
- lamprocapnos;
- buttercup ordinary;
- iris;
- dieffenbachia;
- rhododendrons;
- oleanders and many others.
It is obvious that this group can be attributed medicinal plants.The increased dose of any medicine can be poison.
Carnivorous flowers
Interesting way of eating at some of the plants are tropical and equatorial part of the planet.They are carnivorous and do not emit a pleasant and exciting aroma and fetid smell.Main types:
- Venus flytrap;
- sundew;
- Nepenthes;
- Sarracenia;
- pemphigus;
- pinguicula.
Externally, they are very interesting shape and bright color.They have different mechanisms and devices to capture and digest insects and small rodents.
