Beautiful gardens with fragrant splendor of delicate flowers were indispensable decoration of the noble houses in all times and ages.Royal gardens, the boyars, the estate was certainly wonderful fenced plantings that their appearance uplifting and made to feel thinner, sharper, become more romantic.
flowers today - as the main decoration a woman's life, and in general people.Their huge diversity simply amazing: wild, cute and simple, specially grown garden, large and fragrant, homemade pot that can decorate any room.
However, few people thought that the inflorescence is from a scientific point of view.
concept
In fact, the answer is quite simple.What is the inflorescence in biology?This is a group of flowers per plant, located in a special way on the same axis.Moreover, in various instances, respectively, are unequal, and these types of structures.
In order to get flowers for sale cultivated flora without inflorescences.These are large, brightly colored single flowers of unusual shape, appearance, color or odor.Of them make elegant bouquets, baskets, make flower arrangements.However, natural plants living in natural conditions are often not large multiple flowers collected in a certain way.What is the inflorescence of plants?Consider the details.
avilable
From a biological point of view, there are two basic types of inflorescence structure:
- Botricheskoe or bokotsvetnoe.These are plants in which a plurality of flowers gathered on the same axis in a different order, but flowering begins only with the bottom.The top flower begins to blossom last.These include simple inflorescences: brush, ear, umbrella, guard and others.
- cymose.What is an inflorescence?It differs from the previous group that apical flower he revealed the first, and then the rest are dismissed fan located below.This group includes a little more complicated inflorescences: monohazy, dichasium and pleyohazy.
Each flower has everything necessary for the performance of reproductive function structural parts: receptacle, peduncle, stipules, pistil and stamens.Their size may vary depending on the plant species as well as quantity.For example, some palm trees and agaves, there are tens of thousands of flowers in an inflorescence and sizes reach 14 m in height and 12 m in width.
Types
Answering a question on what is the inflorescence of plants should result in a small simplified classification of them all:
- botricheskie simple;
- complex;
- cymose;
- single flowers.
Each species includes several varieties, which should be considered in more detail.
Simple inflorescences
The representatives of this category of simple structure.The inflorescences are presented in the following types of this species:
- Brush - located on the main axis of many small florets, each of which is necessary to have a flower stalk.Examples of plants: wild cherry, sweet peas, black locust, toadflax, lily of the valley, bell, cabbage and other.
- ears - on the main stem (often long) there are many flowers, but without peduncles, that is sedentary.Examples: verbena, orchids, plantain, sedges, orchids, corn (female structures) and others.
- The ear - the main axis is very thick, solid and fleshy.She arranged sit-medium-sized flowers of different amounts.Examples: calla, arum, sweet flag.In many plants at the base is formed by covering a sheet of bright colors.
- simple plate - I wonder what the inflorescence resembles a brush, but differs feature.Pedicels the lower flowers are longer, which makes them equal in height to everyone else.As a result, a general view is obtained in the form of a continuous sheet.Examples: apple, hawthorn, pear, spirea, plum.
- Simple umbrella - is a plant with a short main axis.Often it is so short that all the flowers on the same length of the stalks appear apex facing said axis.Examples: primrose, primula, angelica, fennel, carrots, onions, cherries, garlic and so on.
- head - a very remarkable what is often called the inflorescence difficult as it looks easy.The main axis is shortened so that is almost invisible, and numerous medium-sized flowers are collected dense cap on top.At the same time they are either entirely or almost no peduncles are sedentary.This further complicates the overall design.Examples of plant: clover, alfalfa, adoksa, teasel and others.
- Basket - very similar to the head, only the main axis has patelliform thickening at the apex.So it turns out that if all the flowers sit on a common basis.Inflorescence is especially common among representatives of the Asteraceae family.Examples: dandelion, sunflower, camomile, cornflower, chicory, aster, thistle, artichoke, kosmeya and others.In one basket can be placed different types of flowers: reed, funnel-shaped or lozhnoyazychkovye.It depends on the plant species.In addition, the leaves on the stem are very densely arranged to have a sit-leaf plate, the engagement basis.
complex inflorescences
This group includes those which are collected from a few simple and are located on the same plant.Moreover, these types of inflorescences have one feature: the constituent elements may be either the same type or completely different.Sometimes it is very difficult to determine the type of severe congestion and a combination of different features.Total complex include five types of inflorescences.
Kolos and umbrella
We have already explained that such a complex inflorescence.Now let's talk about specific species.
- Kolos is a few simple spikelets gathered on the main axis of a common structure.It turns out many similar components within a single plant.Most often, this type can be seen in cereals: rye, wheat, barley, oats, and other feather.
- umbrella complex built on the same principle, only just a little umbellets.Characterized by such an inflorescence for representatives of the family of the same name: goutweed, angelica, celery, cumin, hemlock, parsley, fennel and others.
Whisk and shield
panicle inflorescence called a complex consisting of a main axis of the side branches, which are located at different heights from the brush flowers.Externally, these representatives are very similar pleyohazii (tsimoidnye inflorescences).Examples of plants: lilac, fire, sagebrush, corn (male flower) and others.
Shield consists of a simple assembly of like inflorescences.It looks located at the same height on different axes silnovetvyaschihsya peduncles with flowers on top.Examples of plants: viburnum, elderberry and others.
Sergei
This is a complex inflorescence, which is a hanging structure, completely dies after fruiting or flowering plants.On the main stem are assembled brush or spikelets of small ordinary-looking flowers, usually white or pale color.Examples of plants: birch, alder, hazel, hazel, poplar and others.
cymose inflorescence
It's a group that is characterized by veeropodobnym blooming buds.It begins the process topmost flower that crowns the main axis.Then connect all the underlying structure.All in all, this group of inflorescences include three types:
- Monohazy.The second name - single-beam verhotsvetnik.The structure of the inflorescence is built on the principle of the spiral.The main axis ends with a single flower on the top, which is the first to be dissolved when the time comes.Behind him the second bud blossoms, as a single on the side below the previous axis.Then, the third, also on a separate stem lateral branching.And so the spiral almost to the bottom of the shoots reach from the main stem, topped with single flowers, as a rule, medium or large sizes.
- Dihazialnye inflorescences.The second name --beam verhotsvetnik.Difficult enough in structure to structure.The main stem ends with a single flower that blooms first.Then lower the axis opposite to each other waste sidetracks that grow in height, ending in the main single flowers.Below - a threefold axis in the same style, and so on.In general, it turns out quite complex composite structure, a bit like a simple umbrella.
- Pleyohazy.According to the structure is similar to the complex inflorescence umbrella.In another he called multipath verhotsvetnikom.What is it like?The main axis is sufficiently long, the apical end a flower to blossom first.Then the axis moves away from the main side, from her - a few side from them - following.Each carries a small branch on top of a single flower.In general, one plant at full flowering resembles a good surround a bouquet of flowers.
glomerulus - cyme
features in the structure, is not common.It looks like a tightly staffed flowers head.Many small flowers deprived peduncles, twisted together into a single structure, called a glomerulus.
A typical example is the inflorescence of plants such as quinoa, beets, wild spinach, barnyardgrass, Potashnik, pigweed, halophyte and others.
role and importance
now remains only to find out what is the value of inflorescences.Why do they form plants?Of course, for a man it is of great aesthetic value.In addition, it is often the flowers become objects of drug use for the preparation of infusions, decoctions.
But for the plants themselves is the biological significance of inflorescences in the following positions:
- The more small or medium-sized flowers will come together, the more prominent will be the representative of the flora for pollinating insects.Especially, if it is also supported by the bright color of the corolla.
- inflorescence formation allows the plants to drop more pollen in the wind and then dissipate it.
- in thickets more advantageous position enjoyed it collected in inflorescence flowers, as in this way they are difficult to cover even the leaves of the trees, which means they are visible pollinators.
- From inflorescences easier dissipation occurs when pollen cross pollination.
That is the main role - to increase the level of reproduction, occupy a large area for resettlement, ensure livelihoods future offspring.
