word is the basic unit of speech and study in various departments of linguistics.For example, the sound of a word is studied in the section Phonetics.There is considered the presence of the word of vowels, consonants, the number of stressed and unstressed syllables, etc.It belongs to one or another part of speech is studied in section morphology.The role of the word in a sentence section examines the language syntax.The value of the word, its meaning, its scope of use, stylistic coloring, its historical origins studies section Lexicology.
lexical and grammatical meaning of the words are interconnected.Therefore, when changing the lexical (or semantic) meaning, and change its grammatical function.Learn more deeply about what the antonym and synonym, Paronite, their features you can about the language in the textbook.In this same article provides brief information about these concepts.
What is the antonym and synonym
Opposites (from the Greek. Anti - anti + onuma - name) - a word, opposite in meaning.They are used in the language to describe the contrast:
good - evil;
beautiful - a terrible;
hot - cold;
ice - flame;
high - low;
polite - rough;
hatred - love;
work - idleness;
war - the world;
winter - summer, etc.
In the examples enclosed opposite values of quality, the state of the properties of objects and phenomena.But you can not say that in the Russian language at all the words have their own pair of antonyms.For example, nouns with a specific value - a wall, a table, a window - do not have a pair.
Opposites can be:
- With different roots: the war - peace, slow - fast, black - white.
- same root: honest - dishonest, high - low.
- with the prefix "pro-" and "relative", "pro-" and "You are a" having the opposite meaning: open - close, bury - dig.
Opposites decorate it, make it colorful and expressive.Antonyms are widely used in folklore, proverbs and sayings: "How far - close to see, whether the high - low you," in literature: "It may be that all the misfortunes of the address field, he was considered dead, and he came alive."(A. Twardowski).
Names works sometimes consist of antonyms, "Domestic and wild animals";"War and Peace", "Days and Nights".
Synonyms (from the Greek word synonymos - letters. Eponymous) - words of similar meaning, different spelling and pronunciation, as well as different shades.Divided into ideographic (semantic) and stylistic.
ideographic (also called semantic) synonyms
compare: a big house, a big house, a huge house.
clear that refers to the big house, but with every word hue changes.The first word he is big, the second more than the first, and the third larger than the first and second.As you can see, and they have different spelling.
synonyms - anxiety, agitation, anxiety - have a total value of close: anxiety, lack of rest.
Stylistic synonyms
Such words are different stylistic nuances: finger - the finger (the mouth.)future-coming (book) - comes.
emergence of synonyms:
- similarity of objects and phenomena, the designation of a new word.For example: news, rumor, rumor, a message heard.
- From the transition of words in another language in Russian: an embryo - embryo guide - a guide.
- From obsolete words of poetic language: finger - the finger, forehead - forehead, eyes - eye, Beach - Breg.
- From colloquial, conversational everyday, dialect speech and of the set phrases: eyes - staring, fierce - fierce.
- from different root words: blizzard, blizzard, snowstorm.
- From terminological word combinations: Air Force - Aviation, a dentist - the dentist.
few words of similar meaning synonyms form a series of synonyms.
Synonyms Russian language play an important role in speech.They help to more clearly convey the idea to avoid unnecessary repetitions, show different shades of words, phenomena, qualities.Widely used in the artistic, scientific and colloquial speech: "I bent a hook, I went this far, I have seen such a meal, and knew this sadness."(A. Twardowski).
Now you have an idea of what the antonym and synonym.Let's move on to the Paronyms.
Paronyms (Gr. Para - near, ohyma - name) - the words of the same root, similar in sound but with different meanings.Just like synonyms, antonyms, Paronyms enrich it and help precisely and correctly express the thought.They create a lot of puns.For example: "Once the coppersmith, hammering the pelvis, said his wife, yearning: ask the children I Tasca and overclocking anguish I am!".A similar accord, but very different meanings of words gives a vivid word game.
Paronyms may differ suffixes: poyka - watering, cooked - boiled.Have consonant prefix: gone - pulled up.
Practice!
Before you picture.We call it the "Wonders of Nature".Indeed, a surprising combination of ice and snow with the flame of the setting sun.Try using synonyms and antonyms create beautiful text.Make parsing sentences, look what the sentence they may be.
know what the antonym and synonym paronym, the ability to use them to decorate their emotional artistic, scientific, spoken language gives you ample opportunities.They are very interesting feature of any language.
