Jacobin - a member of a political party (the Jacobin Club) since the Great French Revolution.
Limbo movement
Jacobin Club was formed by deputies of the National Assembly of the Breton faction.They conducted their meetings in the monastery of St. Jacob in Paris.Hence the name of the party of the Jacobins.His followers they had and in the provinces, where it created a lot of smaller clubs.Date of warping - June 1789.Jacobin Club was one of the most influential at the time, and had an enormous influence on the development and movement of the French Revolution.
Composition club
It included three wings or factions:
1. Right, led by Danton, a lawyer and the future Minister of Justice of France.
2. Left, whose leader was a famous doctor and journalist Marat radical views, an ardent supporter of terror unleashed by the Jacobins.
3. Center - led by Maximilien Robespierre was a brilliant orator and lawyer by profession.
Thus, Jacobin - is one of the members of the revolutionary movement, the vast majority of whom were well-educated people.
At the beginning of its inception, the Jacobins were for the introduction of a constitutional monarchy in the country.Speaking in the Convention, they defended the unity of the state, strengthening of national security, but called for strict internal terror against the enemies of France, and those who are trying to split the country from within.
Maximilien Robespierre - Jacobins leader
He was born in a family of lawyers.Early lost his mother and his father abandoned the family, Robespierre raised his grandfather on his mother's side, the Brewers, who wanted to make him a worker, being sure that the profession of a lawyer will not bring prosperity.But the boy's teacher, seeing his talent to study, enlisted the help of influential people of the city, and Robespierre was awarded a scholarship that enabled him to study at the Paris Lyceum.After graduating, he returned to his hometown and immersed in political life.Thanks to its excellent oratory Robespierre is elected among the deputies of the States-General of the city and returned to Paris.
brilliant speech young provincial soon attracted attention to the words of Robespierre are beginning to listen.
Since the beginning of the revolutionary events in France, it takes them an active part, in favor of permission to engage in activities of public actors, Huguenots and Jews, for the abolition of slavery in the colonies and the veto on the death penalty in France.
Since the establishment of the Jacobin Club, Robespierre became one of its main leaders.After the overthrow of the monarchy and the announcement of an independent and indivisible French Republic, he is one of the leading positions in the National Convention.
Policy Jacobins came to power
the National Convention main opponents Girondins were the Jacobin Club.The Jacobin - a member of the radical political club, which means that he is not on the way to those who are less strongly.Girondins were against the execution of the king, fearing that it would open the way to terror in the country.Although not oratorical talent and organization, the struggle for power they lost.In 1793, after the indictment of Robespierre in the Convention, they were tried and executed.
After coming to power of the Jacobin dictatorship of their party has gained particularly menacing proportions.It was created Committee of Public Safety.It was headed by Robespierre.In all parts of the country went authorized for local action.All the forces of the Jacobins threw reflection intervention and solution of economic problems.Speculation was introduced the death penalty, forcibly seized the bread and grain, were set fixed prices for the most important products.
In the short term due to the decisive action of the Jacobins succeeded in creating an efficient French army and eliminate the threat of intervention.The economic reforms have not improved the situation.Among themselves the Jacobins began the split.The bourgeoisie was dissatisfied with the rigid policies, the people demanded further reforms.Robespierre, trying to hold power in the country by terror, he soon became its victim.He and his closest associates were executed in 1794.After this, the dictatorship of the Jacobins fell.
Conclusion
word has another meaning.The Jacobin - a freethinker or a person thinking revolutionary.In XVIII-XIX centuries the word was quite popular.Currently, it is rarely used.
