Communion turnover - this communion with dependent words.Defines the word may be after it (congratulations received from his brother) or before (congratulations received from his brother).
Separation sacrament turn gives it greater meaning than in the case of non-segregated.For comparison: Write expressionless hand, a letter was read is not easy (the basic meaning is complemented by reason) - Send a letter was read handwriting expressionless difficult (here there is only a definition).If participial is at the end or beginning of a sentence, in the speech he highlighted intonation pause, and the letter - point.In the case of its location in the middle of a sentence commas are placed on both sides.For example: forests of oak, oak forests are called.
When participial is not isolated, it is more adjacent to the noun that defines.For example, you can compare: Covered deeply lined forehead (a sign of permanent) - The forehead is covered with rain drops (time characteristics).What matters, of course, and the semantics of these structures.In the first case, the proposal is read without a gradual increase in the voice, pauses and lowering of voice, intonation characteristic of turnover.Accordingly, do not put a comma and in writing.
If the conditions of context, the situation of expression and meaning of the sentence justifies the lack of explanatory words, they may be omitted.For example: The planned job done at the right time (which was previously stated).
It should also be borne in mind such cases:
1. Communion turnover may begin with words that depend on it, not a sacrament: gay students, a couple of hours ago defended their diplomas.The students - are the defining words, and after a comma.
2. Communion turnover may be near the Union.In this case, the union is not isolated, the comma is placed in front of him.For example: Before the window grew roses blooming for a long time, and have not yet blooming lilies.
In some cases participial can replace synonymous subordinate attributive sentence.This occurs when:
1. The statement is a book character, such as: Multiple evidence accumulated by science, confirm the correctness of the assumption put forward by the young scientist.The use of such rare for a modern form language as borne, driven, drawn, making a speech in the shade of solemnity.
2. Union the word "who" is repeated in a complex sentence several times.Especially when the clauses consistently subordinated to each other, for example: In the pedagogical conference, which was devoted to the problems of teaching, was auditioned a number of reports that contain examples of the use of certain techniques in practice.In this case, involved in trafficking can be replaced and each of the clauses, and all together.
3. It is necessary to eliminate the ambiguity often encountered because of the possible different union correlation word "that."For example: the underlined words in phrases that are used for morphological analysis (depending on the semantics of the proposals can be used or used to use);
4. When given the brevity of expression, due to stylistic considerations.
participial has many advantages.But using them, you need to remember about such lack of this part of the speech, it does not sound very good due to the accumulation of forms ending in -vshy and -shy.
In English, there is also such a thing as an independent participial.But it is found mainly in highly specialized literature (technical, legal), rarely - in art books, and even more rarely - in colloquial speech.
