Standing on the Ugra led to the liberation of Russia from the Mongol yoke.The country is not only freed from the heavy tribute, but also in the European arena has a new player - Muscovy.Russia became free in their actions.
In the second half of the XV century, the position of the Golden Horde was significantly weakened by internecine strife.The treasury of the state, which is replenished with a tribute to Moscow and raids on neighboring countries, was virtually empty.The weakness of the Horde shows vyat ushkuynikov raid on the capital - a barn, which was completely looted and burned.In response to a daring raid Ahmad Khan began to prepare an expedition to punish Russian.And at the same time to fill up an empty treasury.The result of this campaign was the Great standing on the Ugra river in 1480.
In 1471 led a huge army Ahmad invaded the Rus.But over the river Oka were blocked by Moscow forces.Then the Mongols besieged border town Aleksin.Storming the city was recaptured his defenders.Then the Tartars besieged the wooden wall of twigs and straw, and then set them on fire.Russian troops stationed on the other side of the river, did not come to the aid of the burning city.After the fire, the Mongols immediately went into the steppe.In response to the campaign of Akhmad Moscow refused to pay tribute to the Horde.
, Ivan III led an active foreign policy.It was concluded a military alliance with the Crimean Khan Giray Mengli, which waged a protracted struggle against the Horde.Internecine war within the Golden Horde allowed Russia to prepare for the decisive battle.
moment for going to Russia Akhmat picked up very well.At this time, Ivan III fought with his brothers Boris and Andrei Volotskii more that were against increasing the power of the Moscow prince.Part of the force was diverted to Pskov land where there was a struggle with the Livonian Order.Also, the Golden Horde entered into a military alliance with the Polish king Casimir IV.
autumn 1480 Ahmad Khan came with a great army on Russian soil.In response to the invasion of the Tatars, Ivan III became the focus troops by the river Oka.In late September, the royal brothers stopped the fight with Moscow and received forgiveness, the army entered the Prince of Moscow.Mongol army moved through vassal Lithuanian lands, intending to join forces with Casimir IV.But he was attacked by Crimean Tatars, and to help but could not.Tatars began to prepare for the crossing.The site was chosen for a 5-kilometer stretch at the confluence of Ugra and Rosvyanka.The battle for the crossing began on October 8 and lasted four days.At this time, the first time the Russian troops had used artillery.Mongol attacks were repulsed, they were forced to retreat a few miles from the river, and the beginning of the Great standing on the Ugra.
negotiations have not led to any results.None of the parties did not want to concede., Ivan III tried to stall for time.Standing on the Ugra river continued, no one dared to active hostilities.The Mongols, enthusiastic march, left his capital without a cover, and in the direction it was moving a large detachment of Russian.Begun in late October frost forced the Tatars to experience a great shortage of food.Frosts and led to the formation of ice on the river.As a result, Ivan III decided to withdraw a little further to the Borovsk, where it was a convenient place for battle.
Standing on the Ugra to the casual observer it would seem indecision rulers.But the Russian Tsar was simply no need to transfer his troops across the river, and shed the blood of their subjects.Actions as Akhmad Khan showed his lack of confidence in their own abilities.Also clearly evident backwardness of the Mongols in arms.Russian troops have had a firearm, as well as to protect the crossings used artillery.
Great standing on the Ugra led to the official release Russia from Mongol rule.Khan Akhmat soon killed in his own tent as messengers of the Siberian Khan Ibaka.
