is difficult to imagine how "dull", "poor" and the poor would be our language, if it was not such bright figurative elements such as trails, one of which is a metaphor.The definition of this concept in the generalized form can be formulated as a metaphor - figurative meaning, any use of words in an indirect sense.If you formulate a more figuratively, the metaphor - it is a dialogue of meanings, in which new meaning is born.Trails - a universal phenomenon, they are found in all languages of the world and at all times.Metaforizatcija - one of the major and an inexhaustible source of linguistic development that create vivid images, as the imagery lies in its basis.The basic principle of the creation of a metaphor - a comparison, but not normal, but the analogy, iecomparing objects fundamentally dissimilar, diverse.
functions metaphors
to compare comparable small objects and meanings, creating a vivid and succinct images, enriching it, you need to have a special poetic gift.No coincidence that people who are capable of this, often called Therefore, even if the writing of poems they have no relationship.Indeed, one of the main functions performed by the metaphor - is giving the speech figurative and expressive painting, coupled with affective, pronounced emotional evaluation.
Another function of metaphor - nominative.It is to revitalize the language lexical and phraseological structures.In Russian, there are many, such as the bend of the river, drumming rain, the mountain range and others.
metaphor serves as a conceptual function.Conceptual metaphor - is the use of figurative meanings of words to express meanings nepredmetnyh in the scientific and political speech, for example, the field experiment, the foundation of the state, the range of concepts.
Besides the basic functions, the metaphor also performs many other: figurative and visual, representational, predictive, ornamental, etc.
Types of metaphors
accepted to allocate two basic kinds of metaphors.First - erased metaphor - it's so common and frequently used the expression that his figurative meaning is not captured.For example, winter has come, it lays down the snow, the rain.
second type - a sharp metaphor when correlate clearly not comparable concepts.This type is most common in the literature, and is a characteristic of idiostyle writer.
Besides these two, there are other kinds of metaphors.For example, a metaphor, a formula that is similar in appearance to the erased metaphor, but it is so stereotyped that to use the phrase in the literal sense is already problematic, for example, the wheel of fortune.
unfolded metaphor consists of a large fragment of the text, which is set for its metaphorical sense.In fiction and poetry is often deployed is a metaphor for the whole finished product, a poem, a parable, a small story.
role of metaphor in everyday life
emotive imagery and metaphors are so deep that it is often used to influence the consciousness and subconscious.In my practice, psychologists and therapists often use metaphorical techniques to influencing the psyche of the patient to help him sort out the problems in the intrapersonal.Widely known for the role of metaphor in advertising.Visual, auditory and olfactory images created with its help, awaken the imagination, develop imagination, helping the consumer with no apparent outside pressure to make certain choices.These techniques are called manipulative.In this regard should also mention the role of metaphors in the political sphere, where it is very increased, especially in recent years, interest in the issue and ways to manipulate a man and a metaphor here has a very effective role.
