social revolution - a radical, rapid and violent change of the social structure, as well as basic value systems in society.Revolution - is one of the ways to modernize the existing society that is in transition.
In different historical periods of the revolutionary process extended geography.The bourgeois revolutions in Europe were distributed as follows: Netherlands - 1566-1609 years;England - 1640-1660 years;France - 1789-1794 year.In the XIX century the number of revolutions increased, and they have spread over large areas.
social revolution is the result of a severe crisis situation, which is created by this situation.Typically, the critical point occurs as a result of defeats in military operations, failed politics of the government, which causes dissatisfaction among broad segments of society.
England before the revolution suffered a severe financial crisis.The social situation characterized by widespread persecution of the Puritans, who opposed absolutism and fought for the bourgeois transformation in order to create a new church which was to become independent from the power of monarchs.But the camp of the opposition was not united and cohesive.Among Puritans during the revolution to distinguish three currents: the Presbyterians (the big bourgeoisie);Independents (mean and petty nobility, the middle strata of the bourgeoisie);Levellers (poor peasantry and the proletariat).
Presbyterian limit for making demands of the royal tyranny and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy.They took over leading positions and held them in the period from 1640 to 1648, with the transition from the peaceful development of the Revolution to the Civil War.
Independents, led by Cromwell, fought for the recognition of the rights and freedoms of citizens, the abolition of the centralization of the church and the establishment of local religious communities.The result of revolutionary action was the abolition of the monarchy and the establishment of the Republic (1649-1653 years).
Levellers put forward the idea of popular sovereignty, equality, inviolability of private property, as well as the proclamation of the republic.They failed to seize power, but some items of the program were taken by the new government.
social revolution in France was caused by the plight of that happened before its beginning in 1789.The state treasury was empty due to the many expenses of the yard, in the field of industry and trade stagnated.Moreover, in 1789 - a time of famine caused by bad year.Therefore, the fourteenth in July 1789 the French people rose to fight, which put an end to the absolute monarchy.
Radicals, Jacobins seized power at the Constituent Assembly in the hope to build a state of virtue and justice.At this time the Constitution was adopted, wherein its democratic norms.The radical movement has created a society of equality.To achieve the goal, even resorted to the most drastic measures: terror, repression, forced loans from the rich, the establishment of fixed prices for goods, the level of the maximum salary.Replaced Jacobin Convent system abolished many decisions the previous government, to re-establish social inequalities.
Revolution in Europe developed as follows: from the national government to a military dictatorship, and from there to the restoration of the monarchy.For example, in England, it occurred in 1660, in France - in 1814-1815.
Thus, the social revolution in England led to the loss of the monarchy of its power, and in France, despite maintaining its leadership role in the overthrow of absolutism.
