origin of the word "lord" hitherto unknown.Also, there are no documentary sources, which would clearly indicate what responsibilities they have been entrusted.We only know that it is close to Prince advisors to assist in addressing issues of national importance.
Boyar Duma - a permanent council with the prince, to solve the higher Zemsky questions.His activities were zakonosoveschatelnogo character.The structure other than the boyars, were combatants, and sometimes also by representatives of the higher clergy.
Boyar Duma to solve the basic issues of governance, foreign policy, legislation and court.However, they were discussed with the Prince (King).Competence, rights and obligations were not determined.As a rule, the council was attended by a few people, but if we consider the most important issues, meetings were held in an expanded format.Duma participated in matters of religious and legislative measures internal device's foreign policy.
Guide Assembly exercises Prince (King), he also claimed the decisions.In his absence, these functions provides them with an authorized Boyar.In addressing the general question of a few princes of the land could be held a joint meeting.Boyar Duma was closely associated with the prince as long as consisted mostly of warriors, moved him from place to place.Then, after a gain Zemsky element, it has received more autonomy.
Boyar Duma before the 15th century was about as needed.Later she became a permanent advisory body, composed of the clerk of the council, the boyars, courtiers, nobles duma.The first were in charge of office administration and prepares draft decisions.They entrusted the embassy, namestnye and discharge case.Clerk of the council was the lowest rank on the board.
court rank "courtier" existed in the Russian state from 13 to 18 century.Initially their function was to travel device prince, participation in negotiations with the ambassadors.Courtier was the second rank after dumnyi Boyar.Persons occupying this post, appointed regimental commanders, heads of orders, they took part in the organization of court ceremonies.
duma nobleman was dumnyi third rank.They ruled the orders, appointed by the governor, performed the military and court duties, participated in meetings of the Council.Their number was small, they tend to belong to the well-born surnames.
In the early 17th century (1606) in the Zemsky Sobor to reign was a "shout out" Prince Vasili Shuisky, nicknamed knights.In order to secure the support of the Duma, or at least somehow weaken its hostility to him, the new king decided to meet the claims of the aristocracy and impose a number of obligations.In this regard, he gave the oath as "krestotselovalnoy record," which promised that he would not: be judged without the Duma, to impose a disgrace without sufficient grounds, to take away property from the families of the executed.Thus, the king's power was limited.Nevertheless, the commitment in practice are often not enforced.However, some historians oath Basil Shuisky is regarded as the first step towards the creation of a legal state.
Boyarsky king had few supporters, often changed their allies and views.His right to the throne, he justified the antiquity of its kind.However, the people did not trust him.He did not use any authority, nor love, because his word can not be trusted.That is what led to his overthrow, which took place July 17, 1610.
Boyar Duma lasted until the reign of Peter I, in particular, to 1711, when it was formed by the Senate.
