According to historical tradition, the Hundred Years War between England and France - a series of successive wars that lasted from 1337 to 1453 years.
It ended 19th October 1453 surrender of the British garrison in Bordeaux and leaving Calais, the last English possession in France.
Background to conflicts throughout the period as the Hundred Years War lasted, were in the distant past, even in the reign of William the Conqueror.When William, Duke of Normandy in 1066 after winning the Battle of Hastings became the new King of England, he joined the Duchy of Normandy with England, is in France.
When Henry II Plantagenet lands belonging to England, France, expanded, but kings who succeeded him, found them too big and almost unmanageably.
By 1327 Britain had in France only two regions - Aquitaine and Ponthieu.
When the last of the French kings from the Capetian dynasty Charles IV the Fair died in 1328, the closest male relative was his nephew Edward III English (mother's sister Isabella was the daughter of Charles and Philip IV the Fair).
French nobility is committed to ensuring that Philip took the throne of the family Valois (as King Philip VI), not only because Edward rights to the French crown were passed through the female line.Above all, he was an Englishman, then -nepodhodyaschim contender.Edward III, although he was fifteen years old, was furious but could not do anything.
In 1337, Philip as a punishment for what Edward gave shelter to the enemy and cousin Philippe Robert d'Artois, demanded the return of Aquitaine.Edward, in response, claiming for himself the crown of France by the rules of origin, declared war on Philip.
Counts of Flanders supported the claims of the British in the period as the Hundred Years War lasted, because of self-interest - between Britain and Flanders carried out mutually beneficial trade and wool fabrics.Dukes of Brittany and Normandy, has teamed up with the British feared the aspirations of those who wanted to create a strong centralized kingdom of France.
In 1340 Edward officially assumed the title "King of France and the French royal coat of arms."Modern historians are debating about whether he really believed in what he could occupy the French throne.But whatever his claim or hope, it gave him the important levers in relations with Philip.Thanks to the project, he could not provoke a problem, encourage disaffected French choose himself King Philip instead use it as a powerful weapon in the negotiations by offering to give up large territorial concessions to France in exchange for the crown.
During much lasted the Hundred Years War, the British won a brilliant victory at the Battle of Crecy in 1346, at Poitiers in 1356, of Agincourt in 1415.England's finest hour came when Henry V took control of Paris, Normandy, much of northern France.He married the daughter of Charles VI the Mad Catherine of Valois and forced the French king to recognize him as regent of France and the successor to the French throne.
In 1422, Charles and Henry died.Eight Dauphin of France in 1429 was crowned as Karl VII, Joan of Arc inspired victories over the English.
Henry VI was the only English king, indeed crowned King of France at the age of ten years in Paris in 1431.But gradually independent territory is on the other side of the Channel, leaving from under British control.
In 1436 the French invaded the Aquitaine and took Bordeaux, was in British hands for three hundred years, and is the center of a flourishing wine trade.A deputation of citizens arrived in England in 1452, to ask for help from Henry VI.
All military conflicts as the Hundred Years War lasted, held in France.It is believed that the population of the country during this period decreased by half.
forces about 3,000 men under the command of John Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, moved to France.Talbot was able to regain much of the western Aquitaine, but in July 1453 the French army was defeated by the British at Castillon, and the Talbot, an outstanding leader, admired the French and the British, was killed.
When it became clear that he no longer any help to arrive from England, Bordeaux surrendered in October, marking the end of the war.How many years of the Hundred Years War lasted a total of?It covers a period of 116 years (1337 to 1453) with a more or less prolonged interruptions.Although after 1453 there has been no important battle, officially the Hundred Years War ended August 29, 1475 signing of a peace treaty between Pikina King Louis XI and England's King Edward IV.
