Sulfuric acid has been widely used in various sectors of human activity.Modern chemical industry includes it in the list of the main products of production, the level of its release is an indirect indicator of the potential of chemical production of a country.Every year the world produces about 160 million tons of the substance.
According to its physical and chemical properties of sulfuric acid is a dicarboxylic acid, the sulfur compound reaches the highest oxidation state (6).Under normal conditions, in concentrated sulfuric acid condition is heavy, oily liquid that has no color, nor smell.Sulfuric acid is used in solution.The solvent may be used as ordinary water, and sulfur trioxide.It is believed aqueous solution, if the ratio of the number of molecules of sulfur trioxide to the amount of water is less than unity.If you exceed this figure used the expression - a solution of sulfur trioxide in sulfuric acid or oleum.
Sulfuric acid provides this valuable product of the process of creating fertilizer, it is used as an electrolyte in a lead-acid batteries, the acid is a major component in the preparation of various mineral salts and acids.Chemical fibers, dyes, explosives and smoke-generating technology of its production is sulfuric acid.Without it is impossible to imagine oil, metal, textile, leather and other industries.
Even the food industry has not been without the use of this substance - getting food additive E513 (emulsifier).Industrial Organic Synthesis, dehydration (the process of producing the esters, diethyl ether) to hydration (production of ethanol from ethylene), the sulfonation (synthetic detergents and intermediates for the preparation of dyes), alkylation (synthesis isooctane, caprolactam, polyethylene glycol), recovery resinsline filter production of distilled water - none of these processes can not do without the use of sulfuric acid.
Production of sulfuric acid provides the most basic user of this substance - synthesis fertilizers.For example, to produce a ton of phosphate fertilizers is necessary to spend two to three and a half tons of sulfuric acid.For this reason, sulfuric acid enterprises entrusted with the production of sulfuric acid, in combination with building factories producing fertilizers.
for production of sulfuric acid are two technological methods.Production of sulfuric acid by contact method is basic and is ninety percent, nitrous (Tower) method has a lower prevalence.In spite of the advantages and disadvantages of each, the production of sulfuric acid from pyrite superseded nitrous thanks to more attractive cost performance, purity and a high concentration of the finished product output.
Development of a sulfuric acid plant contact method of synthesis, the production of sulfuric acid allows to be divided into three stages.The first step is calcination of pyrite, for that purpose the baking oven in the so-called "fluidized bed".The second stage involves the oxidation of sulfur dioxide to sulfur oxide (VI), and at the third stage, the preparation of oleum, which is poured into tanks and sent to the customer.
Sulfuric nitrous acid method has not found wide use because of insufficient purity output product, thus limiting its use.
Regardless of the techniques and methods for the preparation, production of sulfuric acid requires manufacturers to pay increased attention to environmental protection.
