Earthquakes in Russia - a phenomenon quite common.Of course, residents of cities and the central band is rather unfamiliar concept, but in other areas, in the cities annually measures that help people to respond appropriately in the event of such a catastrophe.For example, in Tuva, an earthquake of magnitude 3.2 points at the end of 2011, and to this day the seismic activity in the region continues.Residents of the city are familiar with the safety and well aware of how to behave in these situations, but it does not detract from the constant stress, which is experiencing population, fearing for their lives and safety of their loved ones.
What is an earthquake
If we talk in plain language, this is the Earth's surface vibrations, which are mainly caused by the natural forces of nature.We will not consider such artificial stimuli as large explosions and other technical processes.
the destructive earthquake took the lead.In the history of mankind, there are many examples of devastating forces of nature.Billions of victims around the world and the consequences of totally violated all the infrastructure of cities and even entire countries.Earthquake in Russia usually occur in mountainous areas, at the junction of tectonic plates.Leaders in the ranking of the victims of such disasters, certainly, one can distinguish Kamchatka, Altai, the Caucasus and Eastern Siberia.Of course, this is not the full list of settlements subject to tremors.In some cities, there is seismic activity periodically, but for the residents of these phenomena are invisible.
epicenter of the earthquake is considered to be the Earth's surface, closest to the center of a natural phenomenon.
Types earthquakes
Today specialists are three types of earthquakes:
- volcanic - volcanic eruptions.
- artificial earthquake - strong explosions, entailing shifts underground plates.
- Manmade - tremors, which are caused by human processes.
As measured
earthquake tremors measured by a special device - seismograph that with the utmost precision, not only measures the strength of aftershocks, but also predicts how strong will the displacement of tectonic plates.
There is a common international scale, which consists of 12 items:
- 1 point.Almost imperceptible earthquake as tremors is the minimum that can not be felt.
- 2 points.Pretty weak phenomenon that can be felt, just being in a relaxed atmosphere.Few people are able to feel it.
- 3 points.Weak earthquake manifested fluctuations that are more visible to others.
- 4 points.Moderate phenomenon noticeable all people.
- 5 points.A sufficiently strong earthquake, provoking the movement of objects in the room.
- 6 points (strong).From a fairly strong aftershocks buildings can be applied to minor damage.
- 7 points.A very strong earthquake, yielding stronger destruction of buildings.
- 8 points.The destructive phenomenon that can destroy even the most powerful structure.
- 9 points.Devastating earthquake.In the mountains, there are strong collapses, and people in the cities can not stand on his feet.
- 10 points.Destroy the earthquake, can cause complete destruction of the village, turning into ruins everything in its path, including roads and all kinds of communication.
- 11 points.The catastrophe.
- 12 points.Severe accident, in which it is impossible to survive.Completely changing terrain, there is a strong splits, there are huge depressions, craters and more.
Causes earthquakes
major earthquakes in Russia and elsewhere in the world are due to the collision of lithospheric plates.For example, in the Caucasus there Arabian Plate, which gradually moves north towards the Eurasian plate, which, in turn, periodically faced with the Pacific plate, located on the Kamchatka Peninsula.Speaking of the Kamchatka region, earthquakes in this region also has an impact and volcanic activity, during which there are quite strong aftershocks.
Signs earthquakes
In the entire history of such phenomena, scientists were able to identify the main signs of incipient disaster.Earthquakes in Russia usually begins after the following things:
- City residents affected by the disaster, repeatedly pointed out that some time before the shock they felt a strong smell of gas, although earlier in the area of this was not observed.
- also repeatedly pointed out that pets start behaving restlessly, and the birds in the street showing excessive liveliness.
- Some witnesses and victims say that a few hours before the earthquake, they observed arcing electrical wires.
What were the earthquake in Russia
Russia have repeatedly suffered from natural disasters, including by a strong earthquake.The landscape of our country is great and diverse, as well as the climatic zones.Seismically active areas are located mainly in the territory of Sakhalin and Kamchatka region.
Sakhalin
May 28, 1995 on Sakhalin Island was destroyed village Neftegorsk.On a scale power element was 7.5 points and 10 points in the epicenter of an earthquake.Within hours from the ground just been erased Sakhalin Neftegorsk which at that time numbered 3,200 residents.After the crash, survived only 400 people, 150 of whom later died in hospital from his injuries.This last earthquake of such power in Russia, which became the most truly tragic event not only for Sakhalin, but also for the entire country.
As recalled later witnesses, the real horror was not at the time of the earthquake and after.Many of the victims were buried under the ruins of their homes and gradually suffocated in strong pain.
surviving villagers went to the mainland and tried to start a new life "after the earthquake."This disaster was the strongest in the last 100 years.In the last century in 1952 in Sakhalin was the tsunami caused by an earthquake in the Pacific Ocean, which is blown to the ground the town of Severo-Kuril'sk.
May 25, 2013 again on Sakhalin earthquake measuring 4 points.
Kamchatka
Earthquakes in Russia accounted for most of the Kamchatka Territory.In the center of Klyuchevskoy volcano group is unnamed hill height 3085 meters.That it has always been considered a long extinct volcano, which began in the morning so the 1955 earthquake was a complete surprise.
Volcanic Keys Station, located 45 kilometers from the volcano, recorded huge clouds of white smoke.After a few days the height of the volcanic emissions was more than eight kilometers.
throughout November the inhabitants of the region had strong lightning strikes, and the surface of the earth was completely covered with ash.Less than 29 days crater widened by 550 meters.Unfortunately, it was only a preparation for a disaster occurring March 30, 1956.Such an earthquake in Russia were not a novelty, so no one was evacuated in the hope that awakened volcano subsided, especially after its activity fell in late November.
In 1956, the pressure inside the volcano has reached a critical point.Within 15 minutes, a giant monster huge pillar of fire, which is bent to the east at an angle of 30 degrees.Reaching a height of 24 kilometers, the pillar of fire and black smoke is literally covered the sky.At 20 kilometers from the volcano trees were either uprooted or burned lightning.Fallen from the sky thickness of hot sand and lava made the snow melt quickly.The most powerful mudslides rushed down, dragging fragments of rocks and stones, smashing everything in its path.
base volcanologists was literally razed to the ground, fortunately, scientists at the time were not there.Professor Gorshkov said that if this flow directed in the other direction, the entire populated area would have been destroyed and would have entered into the most deplorable examples of earthquakes in Russia.
Kamchatka is the most dangerous region even because on its territory a large number of volcanoes, but because in the event of a disaster, most residents remain trapped literally surrounded by mountains.
Tuva
In 2012, not far from Kyzyl was recorded an earthquake measuring 3.2 points.This phenomenon started at 7:30 am.Since the element was not so strong, no injuries were reported.
statistics of earthquakes in Russia involves a phenomenon that occurred in the same region, 27 December 2011, whereas its capacity was 9.5 points and 6.7 at the epicenter in other areas.Seismic activity continued until the end of February 2012, when there was a magnitude 6.5 jolt.Fortunately the epicenter was located at a distance of more than 100 kilometers from the settlements.Nevertheless, tremors were felt in the territory of Buryatia, the Irkutsk region and in Khakassia and Krasnoyarsk Krai.Map of earthquakes in Russia includes all major regions most susceptible to seismic activity, including Kyzyl.In addition, the specialists all the data is updated monthly.In the sample taken rocks and carefully studied.Based on these studies volcanologists can roughly predict the areas in which the possibility of such phenomena.
What to do during an earthquake in Russia
At the first signs of the earthquake as quickly as possible to come out.If tremors occur every 15-20 seconds, try to move in the gaps when the shaking is reduced.
If you live in an apartment building, you should not use the elevator, as there is a risk that the communication has been violated.Therefore it is better to stay far away from the cabinets and windows and stand in the doorway, until you can leave the apartment.
If at the time of the earthquake you are outdoors, try to stay as far away from buildings, billboards and trees.Large earthquake in Russia are usually completely destroy the buildings and pieces of concrete slabs spread throughout the neighborhood.Move by car is not recommended, because the asphalt to break through in the first place and unexpectedly, so you just physically do not have time to get out of the car, if you find yourself in a place fault.
Stay calm and do not panic, colder than you are, the greater the chance of survival.
It is always best to keep all the necessary documents on hand in case of any disaster or fire, you can leave the house with a passport, it will avoid further red tape with the documents.
In conclusion
strong earthquake in Russia occur much more often than we think.Residents of the most seismically active regions have to constantly worry that is about to happen a tragedy.Despite the best efforts of scientists and other professionals, fully predict when and where an earthquake will happen, it is still possible.Nature is unpredictable and sometimes punishes humanity for his carelessness.
