political system of the United Kingdom ─ in a sense, a complex phenomenon.However, the most important factor for the understanding of its nature is a fundamental and unchanging.The reasons may be due to the fact that the UK did not get to experience the revolutionary upheaval, as has happened in many other countries.The country has almost never been outside intruders, excluding only a very long time ago.Someone might remember about the English Civil War (1642-1651), but its main constitutional consequence of the abolition of the monarchy ─ ─ lasted only 11 years.Glorious Revolution in 1688, which is also called 'Bloodless' is a classic English revolution or a coup, which resulted in the overthrow of James II Stuart, and the accession of William of Orange.
political system of Great Britain is a democratic, constitutional monarchy.It is based on so-called Westminster (Palace of Westminster, the seat of the British Parliament) a democratic parliamentary system.
United Kingdom (along with New Zealand and Israel), we can say, a unique state.It has no official single written constitution.Instead, it is based on a number of historical documents, traditional political and legal methods, collectively known as the English common law.Basic constitutional documents: the Magna Carta, the Petition of Rights Bill of Rights Act of Succession.
key date in the evolution towards democracy was in 1215, when King John of England signed the Magna Carta, according to which there is a new structure of political power.It was the first document to restrict the rights and powers of the monarch and protect the privileges of the feudal barons.
At present Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, the hereditary monarch is the Head of State of the United Kingdom.The monarch, in accordance with the Act of Succession in 1701, belongs to the Church of England, is also the head of state for many former British colonies.
Although the UK political system headed by the monarch, regal authority as tradition dictates, restricted ceremonial functions.However, despite the fact that it almost does not participate directly in the work of the government, the Crown remains the source, which is the final executive.These powers are known as the "Royal Prerogative" and can be applied in many circumstances, among some ─ appointment and dismissal of the prime minister, the dissolution of Parliament.Monarch has the authority even to declare war (or peace)."Royal prerogative" can be delegated directly on behalf of the Crown, or handed to ministers, bureaucrats.
In fact, the royal family has a certain hidden influence on the legislative process.Senior members, especially the monarch and Prince of Wales (a male heir), may resort to the discussion of the law if they affect their personal interests, and fix them.
UK Government headed by the Prime Minister.He must be a member of the House of Commons and form a government with the support of the structure.In practice this means that the leader of a political party having an absolute majority of seats in the House of Commons is appointed Prime Minister.He then selects the ministers to his cabinet, forms the executive branch of government.
classically British political system is represented by three branches of government:
executive - the Cabinet of Ministers, the country manager and propose new laws.
Legislature adopted laws.
The judiciary - courts and judges to ensure that all obey the laws.
All the ministers in the government are members of the legislature, and some senior judges sit in the House of Lords.Formally, the head of the judiciary is the Prime Minister.It is a vivid illustration of how a pragmatic and flexible political system in the UK.
Parliament, consisting of the top (Lords) and a lower house (of Commons) - the legislative body of the government of Great Britain.
