farmer - is one of the representatives of the main class of the Russian population in medieval Russia, the main occupation is farming.In view of the fact that for a long time in Russia, most of the inhabitants were hard workers, this period in the history of our country is of special interest.Formation of the peasantry falls on the fourteenth-fifteenth century.Already in the sixteenth-seventeenth century it was implemented mass enslavement.The farmer - is, above all, a man who has no civil and property rights.
What was the class of the serf population
Since the eleventh century, began to dominate the era of serfdom.Is dependent on the landowner serf worked primarily on the master, and then on.Being in this position, for any violation of the peasant related mutual responsibility, could legitimately be subjected to corporal punishment.Put on the host is not allowed to pledge, sell, or give away, since it was the property of the landowner.By the mid-seventeenth century serfdom it was already about half the population.It is their work while creating the basis for further development of the state.
state peasants
remaining nezakreposchennoe population engaged in agriculture, in the second half of the eighteenth century was formalized state peasants.They were living on state lands and practiced conscription in favor of the government, and pay taxes to the treasury.State farmer thus considered personally free.
Due to the confiscation of church possessions government increased the number of state peasants.Moreover, their number is replenished by the flight of the serfs from the villages, as well as by visitors from other countries.
difference between the state of the serfs
It is believed that the crown peasants from Sweden set an example for the determination of the legal rights of state peasants.First of all they had personal freedom.In contrast to the serfs, state peasants were allowed to participate in the trials.They were given the right to conclude the deal and to own property.State farmer - a "free rural inhabitants" who could arrange both retail and wholesale trade, as well as to open a factory or plant.The city residents did not have such a right, as their personal freedom is fully owned by the landowner.State peasants - this is a temporary member of the government holdings.Despite this, they have been known to commit transaction as the owner of the land.
problems and difficulties of serfdom
peasants were dissatisfied with the unequal status in society.Unrestrained exploitation by landlords provoked riots and rebellion.The largest peasant uprising became a war leadership which took the Stepan Razin, which lasted from 1670 for 1671 years.Loud also became a peasant uprising led by EIPugachev, which lasted from 1773 till 1775.
Only at the end of the eighteenth century the Russian authorities think about the problem of the existence of serfdom.Legal and financial situation did not suit, and the most numerous class of the country.
1861 was decisive: Alexander II carried out the land reform, which resulted in serfdom was abolished, and more than twenty million people finally gained their freedom.However, the full exemption has been obtained after two years, during which time the serfs practiced conscription.
