meteorological phenomena are a natural phenomenon, dangerous to human life and is able to cause significant damage to its economy.Today, these climatic anomalies occur every day in different parts of the world, so it is useful to learn more about them and become familiar with the basic rules of behavior during disasters.
Natural hazards category A1, Group 1
This group includes climate anomalies that may threaten the safety of human and property in the event of long duration and high intensity.
Examples meteorological hazards category A1:
A1.1 - Extremely strong wind.Its gusts can reach speeds above 25 m / s.
A1.2 - Hurricane.This is a separate kind of wind anomalies.Speed gusts could reach up to 50 m / s.
A1.3 - Flurry.The sharp increase in wind (short-term).Gusts can reach up to 30 m / s.
A1.4 - Twister.It is the most destructive and dangerous to human life, natural phenomenon.Strong wind is localized in a funnel, which is directed from the clouds to the zemle.Sleduyuschie meteorologically hazards associated with this category of precipitation:
A1.5 - Heavy rain.Intense rain can not stop for a long time.The amount of precipitation exceeds 30 mm for 1 hour.
A1.6 - Heavy rain mixed.Precipitation in the form of rain and wet snow.It noted a decrease in air temperature.Rainfall can be up to 70 mm in 12 hours.
A1.7 - extremely heavy snow.This solid precipitation, the amount of which 12 hours may exceed the mark of 30 mm.
separate line are the following weather phenomena:
A1.8 - Continuous rain.The duration of heavy rain - at least 12 hours (with minor interruptions).The amount of rainfall exceeds the threshold of 100 mm.
A1.9 - Large hail.Its diameter should be 20 mm or more.
second group of natural hazards category A1
This section includes such climatic anomalies, like a snowstorm, fog, severe icing, heat waves, and so on. D.
meteorological natural hazards of the second group category A1:
A1.10 - A strong storm.Wind carries the snow at a speed of 15 m / s and above.This visibility - about 2 m.
A1.11 - Sandstorm.The wind carries the dust and soil particles with a velocity of 15 m / s and above.The range of visibility - less than 3 m.A1.12 - Fog-mist.There is a serious clouding the air because of the large accumulation of water particles, products of combustion or dust.The range of visibility - less than 1 m.
A1.13 - Strong rime deposition.Its diameter (on wires) - not less than 40 mm.
following categories A1 meteorological phenomena associated with temperature changes:
A1.14 - Very strong frost.Values range from the geographical location and season.
A1.15 - Abnormal cold.In winter for 1 week holding temperature is below the meteorological standards 7 degrees or more.
A1.16 - Extremely hot weather.Indicators maximum temperature depends on the geographical location.
A1.17 - Abnormal heat.During the warmer months for 5 days or more above normal temperature is kept at least 7 degrees.
A1.18 - Fire situation.Its indicator refers to the fifth class of danger.
Dangerous natural phenomena category A2
This group includes agro-meteorological anomalies.Any phenomenon of this category is able to do great damage to agriculture.
Meteorological natural phenomena related to the type A2:
A2.1 - Frost.The temperature of air and soil drops sharply during the harvest or the active growing season crops.
A2.2 - Waterlogging of the soil.The soil to a depth of 100 mm on a visual assessment the flowable or sticky (for 2 weeks).
A2.3 - Sukhov.It characterized by humidity of less than 30%, a temperature above 25 degrees and the wind of 7 m / s.
A2.4 - atmospheric drought.The lack of rainfall at an air temperature of 25 degrees for 1 mesyatsa.A2.5 - Soil drought.In the upper layer of soil (20 cm), the coefficient of moisture is less than 10 mm.
A2.6 - abnormally early appearance of snow.
A2.7 - freezing the soil (the top layer up to 20 mm).Duration - 3 days.
A2.8 - Severe frost in the absence of snow cover.
A2.9 - Weak cold snowpack at high (over 300 mm).Low -2 degrees.
A2.10 - Ice cover.Rime crust thickness of 20 mm.Duration soil cover - at least one month.
Rules of behavior in dangerous meteorological phenomena
During climatic phenomena, it is important to remain calm and discretion, not to panic.
Wind meteorological natural phenomena (examples: storm, hurricane, tornado) are dangerous for human life only in the immediate vicinity of the hearth anomalies.Therefore, it is strongly recommended to hide in specially equipped shelters underground.It is impossible to approach the windows, as the high risk of injury caused by broken glass.It does not stay in the open air, on bridges, near power lines.During abnormal snow drifts should restrict the movement of the roadway and the countryside.It is also recommended to stock up on food and water.Stay close to power lines and steep roofs.
floods need to take a safe place on the hill and mark it for subsequent detection by rescuers.The single-storey premises are not recommended, as the water level may rise sharply in any moment.
Record weather anomalies
Over the past 20 years, nature has presented to mankind a lot of surprises.This is all kinds of dangerous weather events (examples: a huge hail, high winds and record tons. D.), Which claimed lives and caused the maximum damage to the economy.
In May 1999, in Oklahoma recorded the strongest gust of wind on a scale Fedzhita.The tornado is classified as F6.The wind speed reached 512 km / h.The tornado demolished hundreds of houses and killed dozens of people.
the summer of 1998 in the state of Washington in the famous mountain Mount Baker fell about 30 meters of snow.Precipitation went on for several months.
highest temperature readings were recorded in Libya in September 1992 (58 degrees Celsius).
Largest hail was the summer of 2003 in Nebraska.The diameter of the largest specimen was 178 mm and the rate of fall was about 160 km / h.
most rare meteorological phenomena
In 2013, the morning after Thanksgiving Day Grand Canyon visitors witnessed a unique natural phenomenon called "inversion."Thick fog descended into crevices, forming a waterfall oblakov.V the same 2013 Buckeyes saw in his yard a huge part of the territory around their city, right up to the Canadian border.This phenomenon is called superrefraction when light rays are bent under the pressure of the air and reflect the objects located at great distances away.
In 2010, in Stavropol people could watch the multicolored snow.The city was covered with brown and purple drifts.Snow was not toxic.Scientists have found that rainfall stained in the upper atmosphere, mixed with particles of volcanic ash.
