Crimean peninsula has a long and interesting history.Sevastopol, native Russian city, during the existence of experienced many heroic pages.Near the town is Sapun Mountain, which is associated with the glorious events of the Great Patriotic War, her towering 28-meter obelisk of Fame to the museum and diorama of fighting the spring of 1944.From this location offers stunning views of the surrounding area.
Hill near Sevastopol
From the northeast to the southwest mountains of the Crimean peninsula stretches comprising three ridges.The outermost of which begins with a hill near Sevastopol and called Sapun Mountain, Tatar - "soap."From it stretches to the hill town of Stary Krym and is a natural shaft enclosing coast of the peninsula.It is these geographical features contributed to create good conditions for the defense of naval bases from the land.
This height was a key in the battle for the city of Sevastopol in the Crimean War and the Second World War.Just a few minutes by car lift - the height of 231 meters above sea level, but this hill provides a domination over the south side of the city and the view of the road from Yalta to Sevastopol.
Today this place is visited by tourists.For them, a particular advantage is that the Crimea, Sapun Mountain and other attractions make it possible combination of enjoying the beautiful nature, stunning views of aesthetic pleasure with educational excursions and touching stories.
Great Patriotic War
In 1941-1942, with heavy losses the German troops managed to capture of Sevastopol after the 250-day siege.Major battles took place on Sapun Mountain, where many German soldiers were killed.Soldiers of the Fifty-first and the Maritime armies retreated to Chersonesos, but they knew that they would return to these places.We had to wait almost two years.In 1944 the Soviet troops beat Nazis to his native land, and they had the liberation of Crimea.Once again, the top of Sevastopol has been used before, but this time the enemy, as a natural basis for the creation treheshelonnoy line of fortifications.There were developed the most fierce battles that determined the success of the offensive and the complete liberation of the peninsula.
Hope opponent
After 1943 the strategic initiative in the Great War went over to the Soviet Union.In March 1944, Soviet troops appeared in some parts of the border.All this meant that the approaching liberation of his native land.But the resistance of the enemy has become even fiercer.German base in the Crimea were trapped, but continued to fight.Hitler believed that their abandonment will entail withdrawal from the war of the Balkan allies, which could not be tolerated.The Germans in the Crimea, in fact, were doomed to defeat, but their task was, as much as possible, hamper the efforts of Soviet armies.For this Sapun Gore was strengthened by three lines of defense.They were provided with a long strip of the trenches, pillboxes of various kinds as earthen and concrete.Take the height of the storm have been extremely difficult.But Russian troops have gained rich experience in fighting, have not the same height, the penultimate battle command prepared offensive for the Crimea.
Preparing to storm
With the move to the Soviet troops failed to take a natural barrier to gain a foothold in her opponent.Thus began almost a month preparing for the assault.Command planned to start on May 5 by the secondary attack through Mikenzeevu hill and come to the city from the north.This maneuver should be primarily a diversionary character.
day later the main forces will attack from the left flank.Their goal will be to Sapun Mountain Sevastopol on the south side.A few weeks left to prepare troops.Recruits dispersed among experienced soldiers and trained to take to strengthen started here, for training.Suvorov's Science of Victory in handy in full: savvy, good eye, workarounds and careful action without unnecessary risk.Especially taught soldiers to see the battlefield, to distinguish between enemy fortifications and take them purposefully.These days had to work and exploration.Thanks to her efforts, even before the onset of the main uncovered several enemy firing points and take the "language" gave full alignment of equipment and the number of troops.
Fight for Sapun Mountain
At 9 am, May 7, 1944 launched a powerful artillery barrage, which was to precede the advance of the Soviet troops.Aviation and "Katyusha" volleys blew his land, covering the enemy firing points.Within an hour, the noise did not cease fire, all that could be done to facilitate the attack was made.At 10 hours 30 minutes red rocket signaled infantry attack on the cutting edge of enemy fortifications.And although the men acted very smoothly, shestiyarusnaya defense with minefields, barbed wire and hidden gun emplacements did not allow them to immediately grab the front of strengthening.
An hour traffic to a halt, the engineers under enemy fire managed yet to make multiple passes through the wire and minefields Germans.Soviet soldiers marched into the trenches of the enemy, but were rebuffed.Another half hour passed trenches several times from hand to hand, until finally, one of the flanks of our soldiers are not captured line of defense the Nazis.
Ahead was a steep climb.Sapun Mountain moaning mines and grenades, machine-gun fire.And in this mess, step by step, clinging to every stone, advancing Russian troops.By 14 o'clock the first position was captured by the German defense on the perimeter of the entire height.This promotion was in formal terms, all 50-100 meters.But less than an hour was broken and the second line of defense.
Sapun Mountain taken
remained so little to the top, but it's a little mean very much.If you stop the advance, it is very likely all of our troops just rolled down.You can not stop.Overcoming enemy fire, using skills acquired in training, the soldiers moved forward.At the top of the sacrament it took place, which is not seen by observers from the command post.Only the explosions of grenades and machine guns queue.Soon the melee.We ran out of artillery shells at aircraft - a stock of bombs.By 20 o'clock on the crest of the long-awaited zaaleli red flags, battle on Sapun grief came to an end with such a heavy, intense and long day.
counterattacks
lost its position in the top of the mountain, the Germans were not ready to surrender the city.Hoping exhausted in the past day, Soviet troops will not reflect the new attacks, they have prepared a counter-offensive on the morning of the next day.But our commanders night managed to strengthen and replenish the front lines of new parts and, accordingly, prepare to repel the attack.Eleven new enemy attacks during the day, our soldiers suffered, survived and kept the defense of an important height.How many were killed in the two days that the soldiers at the top!Taking Sapun Mountain cost the lives of our troops 80 thousand Soviet soldiers.The Germans lost 30 thousand.Well, those who are going to storm, always lose more.May 9, 1944 (is not it interesting date?) Sevastopol was liberated from the Nazi invaders.
Memory
These sacred places - Sapun Mountain Sevastopol - will remain so for ever on the right of the victim who was brought thousands of soldiers who gave their lives for freedom from the Nazi yoke.For ten years, except for the fiery scarlet poppies, nothing grew on top.Still, fighting for the liberation of Europe, another Hydra fascism was not destroyed, and on the slope of Sapun Mountain has two obelisks erected in honor of the soldiers of the Maritime Army and 51st Army, stormed the heights.In May 1945, the museum began to act, in which there were the first exhibits - witnesses of the great battles in these parts.After 15 years the museum was reconstructed in its place was built a new building, which was a battlefield diorama May 7, 1944.20 years after the Battle obelisk Maritime Army was modernized and built a modern memorial.
Diorama "Sapun Mountain"
on all of us during the terrible war.All hard to imagine what happened on the battlefields in those days.Diorama, as a kind of modern art helps to plunge into the atmosphere of the battle and feel, at least in part, the smell of gunpowder, the fear and the pain of a dying comrades, cruelty happening.Diorama "Sapun Mountain, the assault on May 7" is one of the largest of its kind in the world.Its size is twenty-five and a half meters to five and a half.With the help of technical means of artistic methods and foreground object to achieve the effect the presence of spectators during the battle, he becomes a witness feats sealed painters.The creators of the diorama - artists studios Grekov Petr Maltsev, Georgy Marchenko, Nikolai Prisekin - spent most of prospecting and research work.Their work - it's not just fiction, it's real Capturing events and descriptions according to witnesses.
Park near the memorial of Fame
After watching dioramas Visitors go to the balcony and see the actual site of the battle, guess featured artist space.This further enhances the impressions received from the image battle.Near the museum there is a park.His landing was an incredibly difficult job because there was dominated by the rocky soil.It created an exhibition of military equipment of the Great Patriotic War.Self-propelled guns, tanks, fighting glorious "Katyusha".Nearby are the captured German guns have kept even his own color.Closer to the road exposed naval guns and other military equipment.Some tourist sites of the Crimea card "Sapun Mountain" shows all the memorable places and the route of transportation for tourists who prefer to explore all by yourself.
Temple-chapel
so happened that every generation has contributed to preserve and honor the memory of the victims.Sapun Mountain - photos taken before 1995 and after, changed due to the construction of a small chapel.Within a few months it was erected places of worship.Angel with a cross on top of a truncated cone icon mosaic at the entrance, the image of St. George in - a continuation of the traditions of Russian architecture, combined with new modern trends.The chapel is an active church in which services are performed in memory of the dead soldiers - defenders of the Fatherland.
Celebrations at the memorial memory
last fifteen years, the celebrations take place on the Day of the Great Victory and liberation of Sevastopol on the memorial "Sapun Mountain".How to get there in these days?
Veterans bring special machines, reconstruction of combat vehicles and motorcycles 40s.Others wishing to see these places can drive routes №№ 107 and 71. In addition to the usual festive regulations on the memorial, an obelisk near the Maritime Army, carried out campaign "Banners of Glory."Solemn carrying banners at the monument to those military units and ships, which defended Sevastopol in 1942 and freed the city in the spring of 1944.To the foot of the obelisk veterans lay flowers in memory of the comrades who did not return from the battlefield.In the afternoon, on the slope of Sapun Mountain competitions in motocross.
Historical reconstruction
gratifying that a tribute to the heroic past and pays young people.Traditionally was the reconstruction of the assault Sapun mountains, pursued by youth public organizations and historical clubs Sevastopol.On Sunday, the closest to the date of May 7 on the hillside again exploding grenades, machine guns and scribbling Soviet soldiers are in close quarters against the "Krauts", sat down in the trenches.History comes alive.Every year, thousands of spectators gather here who are going through these memorable events, and can witness the heroism and courage of the soldiers, the height of a memorable exciting spring of 1944.And while the battle lasted only half an hour, enough to immerse yourself in the history and always remember that our freedom and peace sky blood of our ancestors paid in full, and put it this land.The renovation can be open to all comers.An important condition is advance registration form and to provide an independent and attributes.
