It's no secret that the current political and legal systems of many European countries are built on Roman type.Roman law was the basis of the Romanesque legislative framework - the so-called nepretsedentnogo rights enjoyed by half the modern powers, including Russia.This legal system is as follows: first, regulation, then a precedent.That is an act not mentioned in the legal framework of the state, is not a crime.On the whole, Ancient Rome had a huge impact on our world.Take the same Latin actual variations which are many Western European languages.But today we'll talk a little bit about another phenomenon, which passed to us from antiquity in a somewhat modified form.And his name - the tribune.Let's talk about this in more detail.
What is the tribune of the people?
Although the first Rome was ruled by kings, then the consuls - the actual diktratory and then order and all was replaced by the Imperial, in the political system of ancient Rome is always an element of democracy.
tribune of the people - an elected position among the plebeians.He was engaged in the protection and patronage of the downtrodden.The Latin word, which the tribune of the people referred to his power - sacrosancta potestas, which means "power received spiritual sanctification."
story of the post goes back to ancient conflict patricians - the descendants of the first Roman kings - and plebeians, t. E. Ordinary people of Rome.Initially, the Senate had before it only the patricians, the plebeians did not have the opportunity to be elected to and is actually in the position of the lower class.However, despite the legal restrictions, some people from the common people were able to get rich so that eclipsed (as for property) noblemen, thereby increasing its influence in the aristocratic circles.Also, sometimes in Rome plebeian riots broke out, which led not only to mass casualties, but also a time of economic decline due to the devastation caused during the uprising.
As Rome emerged tribune of the people?
order to prevent the bloodshed continued, the plebeian community to pressure the Senate was obliged to establish the post of tribune of the people, elected by the "plebeian of the plebeians."This has had a huge impact on the whole system, the whole ancient Rome.People tribunes could veto the decision of the Senate, which, in his view, infringe the plebeians, had the right to judge people who insult the honor and dignity of ordinary people, but also had personal inviolability.Thus, after some time by the plebeian community through such statesmen in the Senate it was lobbied decision equation classes, however, and after that tribune of the people has not ceased to exist.He began to deal with cases of ordinary citizens: the poor, the peasants, artisans rather poor, regardless of their origin.The Latin word, which the tribune of the people was called among his clients - patronum, which means "protector."The election for the post held in two stages: first, each comitia curiata chose their candidate, and then applicants are selected at tributa comitia.
modern echoes of the social institution of people's tribunes
principles on which the tribune of the people working in our time embodied in the Civil Institute of Human Rights.For example, in many countries, including in Russia, there is authorized in this area - the Ombudsman, whose responsibilities include protection and monitoring of human rights by the state.So he does what he did in his time tribune of the people.However, the powers of the modern ombudsman significantly curtailed compared to the figure of a Roman: he can not veto, he has no immunity and has no right of legislative initiative.Its sole function - control of public authorities and, in the case of human rights violations, the initiation of the trial, that is, the so-called judicial initiative.By law, the Ombudsman is not subject to any of the branches of power: neither legislature nor the executive nor the judiciary.
hope you learned a lot of new and interesting, and this information was useful to you.
