This is rarely used today abbreviation was once known to every child and says, almost with reverence.CPSU!What are these letters?
About the name
interest to us is the abbreviation, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, or simply CC.Given the importance of the Communist Party in society, its governing body could easily be called a kitchen, which "cooked" fateful decisions for the country.Members of the CPSU Central Committee, the main elite of the country - "povaryata" in this kitchen, and the "chef" - the Secretary-General.
History of the CPSU
history of public education began long before the revolution and the proclamation of the Soviet Union.Up until 1952 its name changed repeatedly: RSDRP RSDLP (b), of the RCP (b), the CPSU (b).These abbreviations reflected As specified whenever an ideology (the Social-Democratic workers to the Communist Party of Bolsheviks) and scale (from the Russian to the All-Union).But not in the names of the essence.From the 20's to 90's of the last century, the country was functioning party system, and the Communist Party had a monopoly of the sovereign.Constitution of 1936, she was recognized as the core of leadership, and in the main law of the country by 1977 and all proclaimed the leading and guiding force of society.Any directive, lowered the CPSU Central Committee, immediately took on the force of law.
All this, of course, did not contribute to the democratic development of the country.In the USSR, actively implanted inequality along party lines.Even on a small managerial positions could apply only to members of the Communist Party, with which it was possible for the mistakes and ask the party line.One of the most terrible punishment was deprivation of membership card.Party positioned itself as the party of workers and farmers, so there were quite strict quota replenish it with new members.It was hard to be in the party ranks of creative professionals and knowledge workers;Still strictly followed the Communist Party and its national composition.With this selection is not always the party really got better.
from the charter party
Under the Charter, all the activities of the Communist Party is a collective.In primary organizations, decisions are taken at general meetings, in general, the governing body is held every few years Congress.Approximately every six months from the Party plenum.CPSU Central Committee in the intervals between plenary meetings and congresses is the governing unit, is responsible for all party activities.In the turn, the supreme body that supervised by the Central Committee are the Political Bureau, headed by the (first) secretary.
Among the functional responsibilities of the Central Committee consisted of personnel policy and control in the field, the expenditure budget of the party and the administration of public institutions.But not only.At the Politburo determined the entire ideological activity in the country, to solve the most crucial political and economic issues.
about the specifics of the Soviet
People not living in the Soviet Union, so it is difficult to understand.In a democratic country, which has a number of parties, their activities are of little concern to a simple layman - he remembers them just before the election.But in the Soviet Union Communist Party emphasized the leading role even constitutional!In the factories and collective farms, military units and creative collectives party organizer was the second (and often the first in importance), the head of the structure.Formally, the Communist Party could not control the economic or the political process: it has existed Council of Ministers.But in fact the Communist Party decided everything.No one is surprised by the fact that the most important political issues, and the five-year economic development plans discussed and determined by party conventions.CPSU directed all these processes.
On the main face of the party
theory, the Communist Party is a democratic education: from the time of Lenin and until recently it did not exist unity of command, there was no formal leaders.It was assumed that the secretary of the Central Committee - only technical positions, and members of the governing body are equal.First Secretary of the Communist Party, or rather the RCP (B), were really not too prominent figures.E. Stasov, Sverdlov, N. Krestinsky, Molotov - though their names were at the hearing, but the relationship to the practical management of these people did not have.But with the advent of Stalin process has gone in a different way, "father of nations" has managed to crush all the power for themselves.There was also a corresponding position - Secretary General.It must be said that the names of party leaders periodically varied: General replaced the first secretary of the Communist Party, and then vice versa.With a light hand of Stalin, regardless of title, the party leader, and at the same time he became the main face of the state.
After Stalin's death in 1953 in this post were Nikita Khrushchev and Leonid Brezhnev, then for a short period of time occupied the post of Yuri Andropov and Konstantin Chernenko.The last party was a leader Mikhail Gorbachev - only one-time President of the USSR.Period of each of them has its own way significant.If many believe tyrant Stalin, Khrushchev called the voluntarist and Brezhnev - the father of stagnation.Gorbachev also went down in history as the man who ruined the beginning, and then and buried a huge state - the Soviet Union.
Conclusion
History of the CPSU was the academic discipline, mandatory for all universities of the country, and major milestones in the development and activities of the party in the Soviet Union knew every student.Revolution, then the Civil War, industrialization and collectivization, the victory over fascism and the postwar reconstruction of the country.And then virgin land and space travel, large-scale all-union construction - history of the party is closely intertwined with the history of the state.In each case, the dominant role of the Communist Party was considered, but the word "Communist" was synonymous with a true patriot and a decent man.
But if you read the history of the Party in a different way, between the lines, you get a terrible thriller.Millions repressed, exiled peoples camps and political killings, massacre of undesirables, persecution of dissidents ... We can say that the author of each black page of Soviet history - the CPSU Central Committee.
In the USSR liked to quote Lenin's words: "The party - the mind, honor and conscience of our epoch."Alas!In fact, the Communist Party was neither one nor the other, nor the third.After the 1991 coup, the Communist Party activity in Russia was banned.Is the Russian All-Union Communist Party heir?Explain it even experts find it difficult.
