Water is the basis of life on our planet.However, what we know about her?This substance with a simple chemical formula, you can learn to infinity.Throughout the long history of human existence, water occupies a dominant place.That is why, rushing into the vastness of the universe, scientists are trying to find other sources of water planets, which would become evidence of biological life.Unfortunately, such attempts remain unsuccessful.Despite numerous studies and discoveries, we have not proved the existence of other civilizations that may be many times greater than us in its development.
Water - the basis of our existence
Few of us asks the question: "What is water?" But without it, human life is simply impossible.Science says that a six-month human embryo at 97% water at birth, its amount is reduced to 92%, teen body contains 80% of the substance, in adulthood, the figures are 70% and in the old - only 60%.This can be seen certain regularity, that allows us to come into this world young and full of energy and go out of it, before they reach old age.You can stick to all kinds of diets, completely give up meat, bread and dairy products, but exclude from the water impossible.With a strong desire for the volume of water in the body is reduced by 5-8%, while in humans there are hallucinations, impaired swallowing function, upset vision and hearing, there comes a faint.A more serious drawback of the liquid may be health and even life.The importance of water for humans is so great that we can not imagine my life without this feature-rich substance.And many of us take its presence for granted, forgetting to take good care of this life-giving and healing power.Water - a universal solvent for all nutrients and mineral substances, as well as amino acids and vitamins.It is able to regulate the temperature of our body to excrete waste products and a variety of toxic components.It is through water our muscles perform its basic function - contractility.No wonder the diet of athletes always contains an increased amount of fluid.What is water in our everyday life?This is a key and essential food.Every morning we start with a cup of coffee or a freshly brewed tea, which no water to cook it is simply impossible, as most favorite dishes.Scientists have shown that for the health of a person should consume per day to 2.5 liters of fluid - it will provide him good health, stimulates mental activity, and give strength.
Where does the water?
Our planet contains about 1.5 billion km3 of water, of which only 10% is fresh water.Multiple sources located under the Earth's crust at different depths - it allows you to divide them into ground and surface water.In the bowels of the earth such pools have a peculiar form of vessels, which are surrounded by solid rock and contains water under high pressure.Reservoirs located at a depth of several meters, are widely used as the basis for the wells.However, this water is in contact with the upper layer of loose soil, which makes it not always contaminated and suitable for household use.The glaciers of Antarctica, located in Greenland, is a huge source of fresh water.In addition, a large role in our lives play a precipitation, which are formed by evaporation of natural sources.And how every year we get fresh water from the world's oceans through a variety of physical and chemical methods?It should be noted that most of their needs for a person uses water from lakes and rivers.Lake Baikal alone is worth something!It's the cleanest and largest natural reservoir, located in the expanses of Russia.Such vessels have no value and are nastoyschim wonder of the world.More than 6,000 km3 stored in living organisms, including in plants.Thus, natural water resources are distributed across the planet.Man is constantly communicating with the fluid nature: through sweat, urine and excretion of liquid droplets breathing.However, few people ask, "What would happen if such an interchange stop?" In this case, the dehydration occurs - the process of dehydration.We begin to feel weak, we have the participation of palpitations, shortness of breath and dizziness appear.As a result, this can occur irreversible processes in the nervous and cardiovascular systems, which will lead to the death of our body.
water in nature
If you look at the Earth from space, you can marvel at how wrongly called a celestial body.The most appropriate name for it - water.It is not just astronauts compared planet with blue balls as ultramarine able to inhibit all of the colors that are inherent in the earth's surface.
ocean is the mother of all living organisms, and many scientists insist that the first life could have arisen precisely in the aquatic environment.In a relatively small and confined body of water could accumulate certain organic substances that got there by using flowing water.Then such compounds focused on the inner surface of the layered mineral which can catalyze reactions.Subsequently, a brand new unexplored life that people still had to be explored.Today, water in nature is considered to be the most common material, since over 70% of the total area of the earth's surface is occupied by natural ponds and only about 30% of the land.The water is so versatile, that people have learned to use it in almost all areas of their lives.We all love to soak up the warmth of the sand near the sea and look forward dolzhgozhdanny vacation to get back in the gentle embrace playful and gentle ocean waves.
class of natural water Water is
:
- fresh - 2.5%;
- salt - 97.5%;
- as brines.
Given that about 75% of the water is frozen in the polar caps and glaciers, underground is about 24% of the groundwater and the soil is spread 0.5% moisture, it turns out that the cheapest and most accessible source of water for usare lakes, rivers and other surface water.Scary to think that they constitute only about 0.01% of the world's water reserves.Therefore, the question "What is water?" Can safely answer - it is the most precious treasure of our planet.
especially water
chemical formula for water is quite simple - it is the connection of an oxygen atom with two hydrogen atoms.It would seem that may be easier, but there is no substance more mysterious.Water is the only substance that is able to naturally exist in three states: gaseous, solid or liquid, dependent on pressure and temperature.This fluid is of great importance for the emergence and maintenance of life processes on Earth, as well as for the formation of climate and terrain.
Water is the substance after moving air.It is constantly moving, making travel very long distances.When exposed to the sun's heat evaporates water from the surface of plants, soil, rivers, reservoirs and seas.This produces steam which collects in clouds and carried by the wind, and then falls on different continents in the form of snow or rain.It should be noted that the water is able to transfer heat without appreciably lowering its temperature, thereby regulating the climate.The molecular formula of water indicates that this substance has a simple structure, but still it is considered little explored because there are still many unexplored strangeness of this substance, which may also serve to maintain life on Earth.
physical properties of water
water or hydrogen oxide, a chemical that has the form of a colorless liquid, which has neither smell nor taste.Under normal conditions, H2O (water) is stored in liquid state, while similar compounds are hydrogen gases.All this can be explained by the special characteristics of the atoms composing the molecule, and the presence of links between them.
drop of water consists of molecules that are attracted to opposite poles, thus forming polar bonds, which break without effort impossible.Each molecule in the structure comprises an ion of hydrogen, which is so small that it can penetrate through the shell of the negative oxygen atom in the neighboring molecule.This results in a hydrogen bond.Scheme water shows that each molecule has a strong bond with four neighboring molecules, two of which are formed by oxygen atoms, and the other two - the hydrogen atoms.In addition, the water has a high surface tension, this property is second only mercury.The relative viscosity H2O is because the hydrogen compounds do not allow the molecules to move at different speeds.For the same reason water is considered an excellent solvent because each molecule of solute immediately surrounded by water molecules, and in large quantities.This positively charged areas of molecular polar substances attract oxygen atoms and negatively charged - hydrogen.
What water reacts?It
following substances:
- active metals (calcium, potassium, sodium, barium, and more);
- halogens (chloro, fluoro) and mezhgaloidnye compound;
- salt;
- inorganic anhydrides and carboxylic acids;
- active organometallic compounds;
- carbides, nitrides, phosphides, silicides, hydrides of active metals;
- silanes, boron;
- carbon suboxide;
- fluorides of the noble gases.
What happens when heated?
water reacts:
- magnesium, iron;
- methane, carbon;
- with alkyl halides.
What happens in the presence of a catalyst?
water reacts:
- with alkenes;
- acetylene;
- with the nitrites;
- amides;
- with esters of carboxylic acids.
density of water
Formula density of water resembles a parabola with a particular vertex at 3.98 degrees.When such indicators of the chemical density is 1000 kg / m3.The reservoir on the density of water is influenced by such factors as temperature, salinity, presence of salts and pressure of the upper layers.Science has shown that the higher the temperature, the greater the amount of material and lower its density.It has the same property water, but in the range of from 0 ° C to 4 ° C is not performed, as temperature increases begins to decrease volume.If the water in the absence of dissolved gases, it may be cooled to a temperature of -70 ° C, while it is not converted into ice.Likewise, you can bring the substance to a temperature of 150 ° C, and it does not boil.Despite the fact that the formula of water is very unpretentious, its properties are already many thousands of people are forced to worship this powerful element.
Use of water for health
consist of the water all the tissues of the human body: muscles, bones, lungs, heart, kidneys, liver, skin and fat tissue.Most of the liquid, namely 99%, comprises the vitreous body of the eye, and less likely to about 0.2%, tooth enamel.Rich in water content and brain, because without this substance, we can not think and generate information.Any biochemical reactions occurring in the body, can optimally occur only if sufficient supply of water, otherwise, in tissues and cells will accumulate the end products of metabolism that will lead to many serious diseases.To avoid this, you must observe proper water consumption.
role of water in the body
Water promotes:
- transport to various organs and tissues of nutrients, minerals and oxygen;
- get rid of toxins, toxins and salts;
- normalization of the heat;
- regulation of hematopoiesis and blood pressure;
- lubrication of joints and muscles.
Symptoms of dehydration Dehydration
observed such phenomena:
- drowsiness, weakness;
- dry mouth, shortness of breath;
- fever, headache;
- violation of logical thinking, fainting;
- muscle spasms;
- hallucinations;
- dulling vision and hearing;
- the formation of cholesterol plaques, deterioration of blood flow;
- pain in the joints.
Possible diseases with dehydration and the rate of water
may develop following diseases:
- arthritis;
- heartburn, gastritis, constipation;
- the formation of gallstones;
- obesity.
Every day is recommended to drink 2.5 liters of fluid, including those contained in the liquid food.If a person smokes, eats meat, drinking alcohol and coffee, it should increase the daily rate of the water, as these tendencies have contributed to increasing dehydration.After a good night's rest, all the vital processes in our body are gaining strength, which is why should support your body and create for him an additional water reserve.During the day, when we have seen the peak of activity, take small portions of the liquid is better not to overload the system and internal organs.In the evening it is worth to lift all restrictions and drink as much as you want, of course, if there are no health problems.
Should I drink food?
daily rate of water to be distributed evenly, especially useful to drink some liquid before meals to normalize metabolic and cleaning processes as well as reduce the concentration of blood cholesterol.Doctors do not recommend to wash down the food, because in this case the gastric juice is diluted, and the process of digestion is slowed down.Lack of water in the body can lead to stress, resulting in the brain will flow hunger signals, although a person recently eaten.Consequently, it will eat again instead replenish fluid.At this point, the extra nutrients will be stored as fat, which in the future could have a negative impact on the general condition.Drinking enough water every day, you can suppress hunger and reduce the amount of food consumed, particularly fatty.It should be noted that the juices and tea can not be fully replaced by clean water, since they contain active substances which may disturb the chemical composition of the body.Carbonated beverages is composed of harmful chemicals may trigger further dewatering.
Interesting facts
1. In the body of animals and plants, the average amount of water is more than 50%.
2. As part of the Earth's mantle contains 10 times more water than in the oceans.
3. The average depth of the oceans is 3.6 km, it covers up to 71% of the Earth's surface and contains about 97.6% of the free water supplies.
4. In the absence of the world bumps and depressions surface of water would rise over the land for 3 kilometers.
5. If all the glaciers melted, the water level would rise by 64 meters, leaving 1/8 of land would be flooded.
6. Sea water has an average salinity of 35%, which allows it to freeze at a temperature -1,91oS.
7. In some cases, water can freeze at zero temperature.
8. Inside the nanotubes changes the formula of water, its molecules are a new state that allows fluid to flow even at zero temperature.
9. Water can reflect up to 5% of the sun's rays, and the snow - more than 85%, but the ice can penetrate only 2% daylight.
10. Clean ocean water is blue, due to its selective absorption and scattering.
11. With the water droplets that drip from a tap, you can play a voltage of about 10 kilovolts.
12. Water is one of the few natural substances that can be extended during the transition from liquid to solid.
13. The steam and water can burn in combination with fluorine, such a mixture at high concentrations become explosive.
In conclusion
What is water?It is diverse, yet simple compound that is the basic building material of our planet.No living organism can not live without water.
