There are many chemicals that make life easier for the modern man.One of these is sodium formate.The formula of this compound - HCOONa.It is also often referred to as sodium formate.
General
Sodium formate is a by-product obtained during the production of pentaerythritol.This material is most commonly used as a reducing agent in organic synthesis reactions.Preparation of sodium formate is associated with some problems in the purification of this compound.So, in the end product is always a small admixture of pentaerythritol and its derivatives.Sodium formate - a white crystalline powder or slightly grayish color.Sometimes the sale meets sodium formate with a slight greenish tinge.The impurities present in it are not visible to the naked eye.The powder, which is commercially available, the mass fraction of the basic substance should be not less than 92%.Qualitatively, sodium formate proportion of water should not exceed 3%.This chemicals have and sweeteners.In terms of their glucose content can not exceed 1%.
To date, there is no separate manufacturing of the chemical.Since the sodium formate is produced as a by-product, it requires a special additional technological processing.Some companies are trying to synthesize the substance, but such production is very expensive and not suitable for mass production of it.
Formula sodium formate - HCOONa.Since this material contains formic acid which is excellent protivolednym reagent, it most often used as antifreeze.
properties of sodium formate
produces technical sodium formate is used in several industries.Its widespread use due to the properties.This substance is readily soluble in water.It is slightly soluble in alcohol and insoluble in ether.Sodium formate is not lit and fully explosion-proof.Despite this, in the field of storage and use is not permitted the use of open flames and smoking are prohibited.
Application of the chemical
It is used as an antifreeze additive in the manufacture of a variety of building structures.It is also used in the leather industry.It is used in various preddubilnyh operations.
As raw sodium formate indispensable for the production of such chemical substances as formic acid.It is also used in the oil industry as a component of anti-icing agents.
human exposure
Sodium formate by their degree of influence on a person relates to 4 class of danger.It may cause serious harm to the body in high concentrations.Sodium formate often causes irritation of mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract.In working with this chemical should be required to use personal protective equipment: respirator, gown, rubber gloves.In the event of an accident with the release of large amounts of sodium formate is required to use a gas mask.For storage of dry chemical equipped isolated warehouses where it is stored in bags on special pallets.
Sodium formate - antifreeze
addition to the use in industry and construction, is an active substance used as an antifreeze agent with a sparing effect.He, unlike the other types of anti-icing agents, does not have a catastrophic impact on the surrounding nature.In addition, from it is not too suffer metal parts of motor vehicles.It is free and can be used for the treatment of artificial structures on road facilities as a corrosion inhibitor.
Sodium formate construction
This chemical is indispensable in the construction of monolithic concrete and reinforced concrete structures in the cold season.Moreover, it is recommended to use it even when the air temperature - 5 ° C.It is also used in the production of monoliths in prefabricated buildings for sealing joints for precast concrete products.Sodium formate is introduced into the concrete mix in the following proportions:
• 2% by weight of the cement on a dry chemical hardening at a temperature of up to -5 ° C (dosage of 8 kg / L 7);
• 3% - to -10 ° C (12 kg / 10.5 L);
• 4% - to -15 ° C (16 kg / 14 L).
during preparation of concrete, sodium formate dissolved in warm water.However, there are specific recommendations for mixing such a solution.So, it is added together with the mixing water with a special dosing admixtures.It is also possible to use water dispenser.In the latter case, mixing should be reduced to its consumption by 8-13%.Because of sodium formate is accelerated hardening of concrete, which is especially relevant in the construction of high-rise buildings.
Precautions
This material may not be used in prestressed structures where steel used to reinforce class AT-VI, AT-IV, A-V.Also, it is not suitable for concrete and concrete products that will be used in gas and water environments with humidity greater than 60% and in structures designed for industrial enterprises and electrified transport, where a constant current is applied.
When using this material should be remembered that it is still not "gostirovano" as antifreeze, so use only the information about it, which is in the public domain and the "Guidelines for the use of sodium formate technical".The latter were approved by the expert commission of Scientific and Technical Council NIISK.Many manufacturers of the chemical release of its technical specifications (TS).To date, the sale of products found in China, the quality of which is simply impossible to check because often it does not even have the certificates.That is why it is better to buy stuff from reliable domestic producers.
