Without a doubt, the magnetic field lines are now known to all.At least at school demonstrate their manifestation in physics lessons.Remember, as a teacher under a sheet of paper placed a permanent magnet (or even two, combining the orientation of their poles), and on top of it sprinkled iron filings made in the study of labor training?It is quite clear that the metal was retained on the sheet, but there was something strange - clearly traced lines along which lined filings.Note - not evenly, and stripes.This is the magnetic field lines.Rather, their manifestation.What happened then and how can I explain?
We start from afar.Together with us in the physical world visible coexists a special kind of matter - the magnetic field.It provides the interaction of moving elementary particles or larger bodies having an electric charge or a natural magnetic moment.Electric and magnetic phenomena are not only interlinked, but often generate themselves.For example, a wire through which flows an electric current creates around itself the magnetic field lines.Conversely, the impact of variable magnetic fields on a closed conductive loop it creates the movement of charge carriers.The latter property is used in generators that supply electricity to all consumers.A striking example of electromagnetic fields - light.
magnetic field lines around the conductor, or rotate, which is also true, characterized by the direction of the magnetic induction.The direction of rotation is determined by the rule of thumb.To be specified line - convention, because the field is spread evenly in all directions.The thing is that it can be represented as an infinite number of lines, some of which have more pronounced intensity.That is why in the experiment with the magnet and filings clearly seen some "line."Interestingly, the magnetic field lines are never interrupted, so one can not say where it begins and where it ends.
In the case of permanent magnet (electromagnet or the like), there are always two poles, received code names North and South.Said lines are in this case - a ring and ovals connecting both poles.Sometimes it is described in terms of interacting monopoles, but then there is a contradiction, which can not be divided according to the monopole.That is, any attempt to divide the magnet will cause more of the bipolar parts.
great interest are the properties of the lines of force.The continuity we have said, but the practical ability to create interest in the conductor an electromotive force (EMF), the consequence of which is an electric current.The meaning of this is as follows: if the conductor circuit crosses the magnetic field intensity (or the conductor moves in a magnetic field), the electrons in the outer orbits of the atoms of the material to provide additional energy, allowing them to start self-directed movement.We can say that the magnetic field as if "knocks" the charged particles from the crystal lattice.This phenomenon is called electromagnetic induction, and is currently the main method of primary electricity.It was discovered experimentally in 1831 by the English physicist Michael Faraday.
study of the magnetic field began in 1269, when P. Peregrine discovered the interaction of a spherical magnet with steel needles.Nearly 300 years UG Colchester suggested that the globe itself is a huge magnet having two poles.Further, magnetic phenomena studied such famous scientists as Lorentz, Maxwell, Ampere, Einstein and others.
