time series and their preparation are the main technique in statistics to characterize the change that has a certain phenomenon.They represent a chronological sequence of temporal or dynamic indicators, which shows the level of development.
mandatory elements that have a series of speakers, are time and value of the index, which is being investigated.Last component can be represented as a series of levels.Depending on this, the following types of time series.
If the study guided by interim measure, they are divided into interval and instant ranks.If the data were taken at certain periods of time, this interval range.An example is the volume of products produced in the past month or year, the number of hours worked and so. D.
In the case where the level of each individual series of events shows the value of a particular moment, time series are called torque.As an example can be measured by the number of people at the beginning of the year or the number of materials to a certain number.
These two types of time series and have one more difference.Interval number contains more real information, that is, the overall results of the work for a certain period of time.Torque number characterizes the phenomenon only to a certain point in time, that is, it is not a general indicator.
also time series varies depending on the form of presentation.There are distinguished ranks of the middle, the absolute and relative values.
Depending on the time intervals and distances between the dates of the measurements can distinguish full and partial series having a certain timeline.When
period or the date of measurement have equal intervals and follow each other, they represent the full range.For example, the measurement of a given indicator for a certain number each month and their analysis.These rows are called equidistant.
When the intervals are not respected and have different periods, these time series are considered to be incomplete.
to compile time series is necessary to collect statistical data.Data are taken over a particular area, object, and other factors.They should be comparable and identical.
rows that contain numeric values should be ordered on a temporary basis.The analysis should not be considered complete if missed some levels.If some information can not be obtained, then they are replaced forma series.
In order to carry out the analysis, it is necessary to describe the nature of the changes and calculate the average.To do this, use the following information:
- The growth rate of the phenomenon.
- Absolute growth.
- rate of growth.
- absolute value, which is inherent to one percent growth.
If the analysis is carried out at a certain time, then give benchmarks.If each subsequent indicator is linked to the previous one, then we are on the indicators having chain character.
averages, which are used in the preparation of time series, divided into the following types:
- Intermediate series.This value, which is common to all series of indicators for a certain period or at some point in time.
- average growth rate of the index.
- average absolute increase.
- average growth rate.
If we consider the number of speakers in theory point of view, in this case, it consists of the following components: random fluctuations, seasonal or cyclical fluctuations and trends in the development and trends that characterize the decrease and increase of its levels.
time series allow us to study the nature of all phenomena that occur in the economic and social life.
