Everyone whose work is related to the electrical engineering, must understand what the term "installed capacity".During installation it allows the most efficient way to choose the power source and properly perform the calculations necessary consents.
The definitions given by the Soviet vocabulary Energy 1984, the installed capacity of a power plant is understood as the largest active component of all its capacities, allowing the entire plant for a long time to work in normal mode without overload, according to the passport data.However, in this case, one can hardly speak of understandable definition.In fact, everything is quite simple.
familiar imagine many situations where it is necessary to replace the house wiring.It would seem that there are no complications.But it is not.One of the key - the selection section of the conductor.It runs the permissible current or that is also true (though with some reservations), on the value of the power.For example, the room is located one incandescent lamp, an electric kettle and a microwave.Installed capacity - the sum of all active ingredients of each appliance, ie 100 W + + 1200 kW to 2000 kW = 3300 kW.Any reactive load, if any, should be considered separately (full power in kilovolt-amperes).Electric motors and fluorescent lamps - the most common these consumers.So the first point - the installed capacity is not actually consumed since not necessarily all appliances to be included at the same time.
In the case of supplying the power system takes into account the sum of all its components generating capacity (current source).An example is the network of substations in the workplace.It is important to note the capacity factor.It is a ratio of the product of the accounting period of electric power to its design value.For example, in the past month generators it was produced in the 10 MW energy consumer, even though the theoretical limit is 100 MW generation.It is obvious that generating capacity is used inefficiently and idle.Indirectly, that means "extra" costs of purchase and maintenance of electrical equipment.At the same time, this factor also needs to take into account in the calculation of the required time: scheduled maintenance (with shutdown), loading of fuel (for nuclear power plants and CHP), etc.
In the above example with the wiring of electrical equipment used demand factor.In fact, this correction value, allowing the calculations to take into account the fact that almost never all electrical consumers would not be used at the same time.For a single unit, its power should be multiplied by a factor that will give the actual value.The coefficient is selected from the tables, depending on the characteristics of consumers.The use of such solutions can significantly (sometimes more than twice) to reduce costs of equipment and associated items, simplify subsequent maintenance.
For example, in the case of calculating the lighting networks this factor is taken equal to:
- 1.0 for emergency lines (which is understandable - power consumption is relatively low, and the work is short-term).
- 0.6 - Storage facilities type.Typically, the inclusion of light need only using buildings.
- 0.8 - domestic premises in the workplace.Significant adjustments makes the specificity (sometimes light burns day and night), but the average calculation with 0.8 true.
- 0.95 - buildings with large spans.Sometimes even on a sunny day, there is a need for a backlight, etc.
