thinking - this is what allows a person to set certain patterns between phenomena and objects of the world.With him we learn the reality around us.The forms of thought are of great importance.In that case, if we perceive reality differently, human history would have been different.The forms of thought in psychology - it is nothing like the formal structures of thought.They are three:
- concept;
- judgment;
- conclusion.
Types of thinking in psychology:
- practical and effective;
- verbal and logical;
- visual-figurative.
This article will be considered exactly what are the forms of thought.
forms of thinking: the concept of
This category reflects the general properties of phenomena and objects.It is worth noting that we are talking about material properties.
Everything in something different.At the same time it can be argued that everything is not so unique.Distinguish between objects and phenomena we can precisely the distinctive traits that they have.Example, the squares have the same hand, the milk is always white, dogs bark.
concepts can exist only in the form of the meanings of words.Also worth noting is that it is the words they are designated.In terms summarized all of our knowledge about the subject and sun-dried world.
should not be confused with the concept of perception or representation of memory, because in both of these cases, our mind operates on something specific.In the case of the concept of no specifics there (the concept of "horse" does not imply a particular horse, and all the horses at once).
forms of thinking: the judgment
judgment - it is nothing like affirmation or negation of something, of any object or phenomenon of the world.This may be a denial or approval of connections, properties, attributes, and so on.
judgment, as opposed to the concept, is expressed not a word, and sentence.Judgments can be divided into:
- public and private;
- affirmative and negative;
- categorical and conditional.
In the first case, it all depends on whether all of the objects and phenomena in question, or only on the individual.An example of a general proposition: all living breathing example of the private: some dogs have long ears.
Affirmative judgment: a wooden table, a negative: the street is not cold.
If the judgment mentioned any condition (if there is rain, then) - it is conditional.Terms not - it is definitive.
judgments help to reveal the essence of the concepts.It is worth noting that a true judgment can be constructed only by knowing the essence of the concepts in question.
The judgments can be expressed not only knowledge, but also subjective evaluation.
forms of thinking: conclusion
In this case, one or several propositions we get new ones.They can be:
- deductive;
- inductive;
- by analogy.
Deduction - a movement of the whole to the part (from general to specific).Everything in this case based on the fact that the person on the basis of some common law recognizes individual phenomena and objects.
The induction opposite is true.Thought moves from the general to the particular.That is the general laws established on the basis of any particular phenomena or objects.
analogy - the movement of thought from private to private.In other words, people learn two similar object or phenomenon, and on the basis of information obtained makes any conclusions.It is important to note that the object must have at least some common features.
example of deductive reasoning:
All people lie.Vakulin people.Vakulin lying.
example of inductive reasoning:
Seagull has a beak.Raven has a beak.Each bird should have a beak.
example of reasoning by analogy:
cheapest My TV is broken.Cheap TV neighbor broke.All cheap TV break.
Thus, a person with the help of the described forms of thinking perceives the surrounding reality.
