exhausting war throughout the tumultuous 17th century, the weakening of the host and its inability to protect the state from enemy attacks - all these factors combine to create the necessary conditions for the creation of another Russian army, initiated by the shelves of the new system.
Home
the first time to reflect on the creation of new troops came into a difficult and turbulent period of our history - in the Time of Troubles, scorched the terrible threat of foreign invasion.During this period of strife foreign players hired in militias to fight the Polish army.It was then that Michael Skopin-Shumsky, genuinely amazed concerted actions of the competent Swedish infantry bravely to repel the attacks of the Polish hussars, decided to organize an army of foreign pattern - Dutch and Swedish.The shelves of the new system, consisting basically of the peasant militias, were collected in the Novgorod and employs 18 thousand people.He trains them in weapons competent Belgian Hristier Somme, focusing on the tactics of fighting with cavalry, in which the number of pikemen covered with musket musketeers - the main weapon of the time.
first successes
Even hastily trained, the shelves of the new system in September 1609 won several important victories over the Poles: Moscow broke through the blockade and returned several cities, throwing back the invading troops.But the Time of Troubles made adjustments to future events.After poisoning Skopin-Shumsky army razbrelos.Tak trial ended in a successful organization of the regiments of the foreign model.
second attempt
strategic need for the return of Smolensk, gave the Poles, and the revival of a strong efficient army was another impetus for the creation of new regiments in 1630.Begin this hard business of Swedish and Dutch experts by the end of 1631 formed the Regiment 2, in each of which the number of 1,600.Initially it was planned to make acquisitions regiments of landless children of the boyars, but they were not interested in infantry service, and it was decided to take an army of Cossacks and archers children.
command of the regiment carried out the initial mainly foreign people.Each regiment consisted of 8 companies, was operated by a colonel, lieutenant colonel, major and five captains.In the company, there were 200 soldiers, of which 120 were musketeers and 80 - pikemen.The number of regiments grew rapidly: the beginning of 1632 there were already 6 (9000 people).
Since mid-1632 began the creation of the first regiment of Reitarska boyars and children of the nobility, the size of which at the end of the year rose to 1721 cheloveka.V its composition was first organized Dragoon company, and soon formed and a separate regiment of dragoons, which consists of 12 companies.The shelves of the new system during the 1632-1634 biennium.were the backbone of the army, was created 10 combat-ready units numbering 17 thousand people.They fought bravely, were brave and desperate, showing himself heroically in battle with the superior forces of the enemy, but to win the war Russia failed.And at the end of the fighting regiments of the new system had been disbanded.The second attempt to organize the troops, too, has gone only halfway.
third stage
After a few years, in 1638, the government had resumed parts of the formation of a new model for the protection of the borders of the south of Russia.He supervised the preparation of the troops, which are located in the Novgorod discharge and royalist general, the Englishman Thomas Daleyl.
formation of the regiment led datochnyh conduct forced recruitment of people who served from spring to autumn and the winter to blossom to their homes.This practice has not justified itself: inadequate training impact associated with a great vacation.Therefore, in the years 1643-1648 was the nationalization of some southern villages and towns, and the peasants recorded in the dragoons.
Military reform Alexei Mikhailovich
middle of the 17th century in Russia was marked by an extremely important event for the country - by decree of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich began a radical reform of the army gain the best parts of the old system - Luxury Moscow local cavalry, Moscow musketeers and gunners, andthe creation of combat troops in the image already shown their ability to military regiments.In terms
Russian-Polish war of 1654-1667.these compounds have become the foundation of a strong armed forces.The shelves of the new system with Alexis - a dragoon soldier and part skomplektovat datochnyh of people recruited to a lifetime service.It was introduced nation-wide service.
Reitarska regiments were formed not only from datochnyh, but also from the impoverished and landless nobles, Cossacks and the boyar children.Noble hundreds in full transferred to Reitarska system.Strategically important progress has been the allocation from the Reiter mounted lancers - Hussars.Swedish experience in the conduct of hostilities and equipping the soldier was immensely helpful, saying the similarity of the Russian and the Swedish cavalry.Perfect training and excellent equipment hussars favorably distinguishes these compounds in the environment of Russian cavalry.
Pride Russian
shelves of the new system in the middle.17c.formed under the guidance of well-trained officers sostava.Vo the war were recruited and trained at least one hundred thousand men with proven solvency idea of creating such combat units.By the end of the century the shelves of the new system - this is the best part of the troops formed a regular basis in the future of the victorious Russian army.
