in marshland, areas where there are a large number of water bodies, grow a variety of specific plants.Many of them possess unique and useful properties.Quite common in the forest zone of sphagnum moss.Photos of the growing "natural sponge" (as translated from the Greek sound of his name) is presented below.The name was given because of the hygroscopic properties.
General
green mosses belong to the major groups of mossy plants.Most of them are brightly colored.Sphagnum moss distinguish easily enough.It is compared with the rest looks much paler.Often you can find in the forest belt, even white sphagnum moss.It becomes a colorless, when subjected zasushke.Roots have "jaws" are missing.The lower part of the plant is transformed with time into peat.Wherein digestion occurs through substances having antibacterial properties.Sphagnum moss can be found in principle everywhere.However, most of it is common in the northern hemisphere of the planet.Favorite places are considered wetlands area, shade, damp places.In these areas there is a massive proliferation of "sponge".
Description
It should be noted that the structure of sphagnum moss is similar to other members of the species.In the process of growth are formed not branched erect shoots, which are collected in bags or dense turf.Their height is usually no more than five centimeters.This stem is not.The elements that correspond to them, and called Phyllis kaulidiyami.Through the gap existing between these parts, receiving the bulk of salt and water needed for the normal functioning.Phyllis usually consist of a single cell layer.Rhizoids play a role roots.Through these branching multicellular threads drawn from the soil water with dissolved useful compounds.However, with age rhizoids lose the ability to "wire" and only serve to support and consolidate the substrate.
What is the life cycle of sphagnum moss?
Like vascular flora, in this species there is an alternation of asexual generation (sporophyte) with sexual (gametophyte).The latter is represented photosynthesizing green plant.The gametes are formed in the genitals (gametangia).Men are called antheridia gametangia, women - archegonia.From the zygote (fertilized egg) comes sporophyte - Spore generation.There is practically no mossy plant chlorophyll.Sporophyte remains attached to the gametophyte, receiving power from him.In each cell there is a diploid (double) chromosome set.Gametophyte is haploid (single) the structure of chromosomes (as in gametes).Of the two single sets at the confluence of the sperm and egg cells form one double.It is necessary for the development of the sporophyte.During spore formation occurs meiosis (cell division reducing type).As a result, each of the dispute again becomes haploid.Further, it can grow into a single gametophyte.From the controversy generated filamentous branching structure.It is called protonema.It began to form kidneys.Of those subsequently developed gametophytes.
distribution mechanism
As growing sphagnum moss?Where grows "sponge" is best?The spreading rate is primarily dependent on the composition of the soil.The most favorable environment is poorly ventilated soil with nekoshenoy grass and reduced pH.Sphagnum moss - a plant common in shaded areas under the trees, on the parts of the shade structures, paths and monuments.It should be noted that the proliferation is very fast.And if in the forest zone of mossy plants make up the natural landscape, it is the appearance of their home gardens created a lot of problems and obstacles to the development of other species of flora.In this connection it should often think about the ventilation lawns, paths, facades.
mechanical ways of dealing with "sponge" in the garden
One of the main reasons for proliferation of moss is considered inadequate ventilation of the soil.To ensure ventilation should penetrate deep into the ground, while ensuring air access to the lower layers.If the weed has spread not too much, it can be removed manually.It's enough to dig his every bush.Considerable importance in preventing the spread of moss is correct mowing the lawn.That it affects the ability to lie at a depth of about 8 cm turf trap air, moisture and fertilizer.As mentioned above, the high humidity created very favorable environment for the spread of "sponge".
Chemical methods in the fight against the growth of moss can provide assistance and fertilizers.To do this, fit a mixture that reduce soil acidity.Experts recommend to give preference to a complex means for processing decorative lawns.The composition of these fertilizers typically present three components: nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus.Such mixtures have a dual effect.First of all, thanks to the properties of ferrous sulfate death occurs mossy growths.Secondly, due to the presence of activated nitrogen grass growth.If you apply fertilizer to moist soil, the destruction of moss faster.As practice shows, reducing the acidity of the soil have already celebrated two days after treatment.In the spring or summer to be sprinkled only mossy areas.In the case of the extensive distribution of plants should be fertilized the entire area completely.Excessive use of fertilizers however it is not necessary.Possible to use mixtures of not more than once every 2 months.Experts advise to deal with low acidity of the soil in the autumn.The resulting alkaline soil composition will be provided throughout the winter.
simple way to get rid of the spread of "sponge"
very effective tool for combating moss on facades and monuments is a regular soda.Her solution creates ruinous for him an alkaline environment.It should, however, say that if part of the building or monument is located in a shady location, the re-emergence of sphagnum can not be avoided.Therefore it is necessary to regularly clean.You can use the powders, specially designed for this purpose.You can buy them in stores for gardening.
sphagnum moss.Application
"Sponge" has a number of useful properties, due to which it is used in various fields.In medicine, the use of the 11th century began.By the 19 th sphagnum moss began to send the provinces for use as a wound dressing.During the war, it was an indispensable tool, highly hygroscopic and the ability to quickly and easily absorb the pus, blood and other fluids.Some companies today produce Sphagnum-gauze pads which are impregnated with a solution of boric acid addition.As part of the moss is present sfagnol - fenolopodobnoe connection.This substance has a bactericidal, fungicidal and disinfectant action.Humic acids are also present in the plant exhibit antibiotic properties.The use of sphagnum insoles facilitates rapid disposal of foot fungus.When skin lesions of an infectious nature, psoriasis and other pathologies recommended baths with infusion of moss.To prepare cut a small amount of "sponge" filled with water (70-80 degrees).Sphagnum is used as a filler for diapers, mattresses.It is recommended as a backer of diapers for the elderly and critically ill.
use in horticulture and animal husbandry
Florists used moss for growing young shoots or to rescue ailing copies.Due to the hygroscopic "sponge" to effectively retain moisture in the substrate.Especially often used in the care of a plant orchids.For the growth of moss shoots scalded, cooled and drained.After it should be prepared to shed mineral liquid fertilizer "Kemira Suite," gently squeeze again and put in a plastic bag.When closed, the moss should be held for four days.Every two months, in this manner freshly ground orchid should be repotted.When its roots reach five to seven centimeters, the plant is placed in a substrate of pine bark.Sphagnum moss is also used to protect plants from frost in the garden.As sphagnum sanitizer used in cells with hamsters, rats, guinea pigs.Such natural filler excellent cope with the smells, disinfects and absorbs moisture.
Harvesting
When collecting moss should not pull it together with the lower part.For proper workpiece tip is cut with scissors.In this case, the remaining part will be able to give the shoots.Collected Moss House must be parboiled.This is done to remove the larvae and eggs of insects.The properties are not lost moss.Dried material outdoors on a sunny day with a slight breeze.Do not use the dryer.If harvesting is carried out for subsequent therapeutic use, the materials kept in the air to dry completely.After that, his break and put in a dry container.If you intend to use for decorative purposes or as a filler for animal cells, the plant is completely dry should not be.In this case, the raw material is stored in the paper.You can keep a dry moss and in the freezer.His laid back green and if necessary take out.
