There is, in fact, not so much every species of conductors and their connections.In the power supply and distinguish protective conductors.Some have heard words such as "zero" and "phase" wire.But here and there are questions.How to determine the zero and phase in a real network?
What are the conductors in the socket?
can deal with the question "What is the phase and zero," without going into the jungle determine the structure, benefits and negative points in the three-phase or five-phase circuits.All you can actually make out on his fingers, revealing the most ordinary household outlet, which is set in an apartment or private house for ten years - fifteen years ago.As you can see, this outlet is connected to two wires.How to determine the zero and phase?
How do the wire in the outlet and what are they for?
As you can see, there are certain differences between the workers and zero.What is the designation phase and zero?Bluish or blue color - the color of the phase conductors, also denoted zero any other colors, except, of course, blue colors.It can be yellow, green, black and striped.In the neutral conductor current is not.If we take it and do not touch the desktop, nothing happens - it makes no difference potentials (in fact, the network is not perfect, and a small voltage may still be, but it will be measured, at best, in millivolts).But with the phase conductor will not get away.Touching it could result in electric shock, even fatal.This wire is always under stress, it goes to the current from the generators and electric transformers, substations and power plants.Always bear in mind that regarding the safety conductor in any case impossible, as the voltage even hundreds of volts can be fatal.And in the outlet phase voltage is two hundred and twenty.
What is different from the Soviet earthing-pin?
How to zero and phase in such a case?At the outlet, designed to meet the European standards, is just three conductor.First - phase, which is energized and painted in various colors (except blue shades).Second - zero, which is absolutely safe to touch and colored in blue.But a third wire called neutral protective.It is usually painted in yellow or green color.Foredeck he outlets left in switches - from the bottom.Phase wire to the right and top, respectively.Given these coloring and features, it is easy to determine where the phase, and where zero, and where the protective neutral conductor.But what is it?
Why a protective conductor to earthing-pin?If
phase for supplying current to the outlet, zero - to drain to the source, then why European standards govern another wire?If the equipment is connected, is working properly and all wiring is in a healthy state, the protection of zero will not take part, it is idle.But if suddenly somewhere a short circuit or over-voltage or short circuit to any part of the device, the current gets to places that are usually without his influence, that is not connected to any phase nor with zero.One simply can feel an electric shock myself.In the worst situation you can even die from it, because the heart muscle can stop.It is here and needs a protective neutral conductor.He "takes the" short-circuit current and sends it to the ground or to the source.Such subtleties are dependent on the design and wiring in the room.Therefore, you can safely touch the equipment - there will be no electric shock.The fact is that current always flows through the path of least resistance.In the human body the value of this parameter is more than one kiloomah.In the protective conductor resistance does not exceed a few tenths of one ohm.
particular purpose conductors
How to zero and phase?Anyone anyway faced with these concepts.Especially when you need to fix the wall socket or try wiring.Therefore it is necessary to understand exactly where a conductor.But how to determine the zero and phase?It must be remembered that all the manipulations of this kind are dangerous electricity.Therefore, in case of uncertainty in their actions better to consult a specialist.If you are already fit into the outlet and the wires in it, you need to start completely disconnect the whole apartment.At minimum, it can maintain the health and life.As mentioned earlier, usually the designation phase and zero make using color.With proper labeling to distinguish them will have no difficulty.The black (or brown) - wire color phase, zero is usually bluish or bluish.If the European standard socket set, the third (zero guard) is made in green or yellow.What if the wiring-color?Typically, in this case at the ends of the wires are usually special insulating tube having the desired color-coding.They are called "end sleeves."
Determination of conductors with a special screwdriver
How to zero and phase?To do this, it's best to buy a special screwdriver indicator.The handle of this instrument is made of translucent or transparent plastic.Inside the integrated LED - light bulb.The upper part from a metal screwdriver.How to determine the zero and phase of this method?
of work stages as measured by the indicator screwdriver:
- apartment is de-energized;
- little we clean the wire ends;
- breed them in hand, in order not to accidentally cause a short circuit through the contact phase and zero;
- turn on the switch, and current is supplied to the apartment;
- take the handle of a screwdriver, which has a dielectric coating;
- put your finger (thumb or) on contact, which is located on the rear of the socket;
- touch the working end of the indicator to one exposed conductors;
- closely watching the reaction of a screwdriver;
- if the diode lights up, then it's safe to say that this phase;
- by exclusion understand that the remaining conductor - is zero.
screwdriver indicator reacts to the presence of voltage.Naturally, in the neutral wire not.However, there is a significant disadvantage of this method.With the help of a screwdriver indicator can not understand how to define: the phase, zero earth - where that is the case with the European socket.
method of determining the phase and zero with a voltmeter
If the wires are not painted in matching colors, and you do not have a screwdriver indicator, you can go the other way.We need a voltmeter (multimeter tester).It is necessary to put it in the desired range - over two hundred volts AC.How to determine the phase tester?Take one conductor which extends from the fixture (denoted V).Attach it to the pre-de-energized conductor (any).Then, current is supplied (includes switch).And just fix that shows the instrument display.After all the above again, turn off the power, and we move the clamp tester is already on the other conductor.If the display is nothing, it means that the front contact is either zero or neutral grounding shield.However, you can use another method, which answers the question: "How to identify and zero phase, as well as grounding."For this apartment again de-energized, we fix the clamp V on one of the wires.The second also throw on any of the three conductors.It includes stress.If the needle does not move, then you have chosen the neutral and protective.Accordingly, the voltage must be switched off again and change the position of clam terminals V (throw it to another previously unused conductor).Again, include current and make the appropriate measurements.Then we perform the same operation, but the changes again the conductor.Now you need to verify the results.If the first number was greater, it means that we measured the voltage between phase conductor (which hung Clem V), and zero.Accordingly, the second conductor is a protective earthing.This method is based on measuring the potential difference.
Exotic methods for determining the phase and zero in the wiring
There are "traditional methods", which do not imply the existence of any special tools.They can be used except in the most extreme cases, since they are associated with increased risk to life and limb.For example, the method potatoes.For this purpose, the pre-de-energized conductors put a piece of freshly cut potatoes.It is necessary to prevent the wires touch each other to avoid a short circuit between them.Then, just a couple of seconds, a voltage is applied, and look at the potatoes.If one section of wire near the blue in the face, then it is brought to the stage.
