Value added tax - a serious article is for accountants, operates mainly in the tax regime.Perhaps only two taxes cause a huge amount of tax disputes - income tax and VAT.If the land, transport, excise tax for the use of mineral resources must pay the company, working on certain activities or who own certain types of property, these two taxes - income and VAT - should pay all of the commercial organization in the Ba, regardless of the formownership of an available property or activity.All accounting entries for accounting charges and VAT refunds are one of the most important and often time-consuming duties of an accountant on a separate sheet.Large organizations to conduct these operations often employ separate staff unit.
In some cases, the VAT
Consider the most common cases where there is a need to charge VAT to pay for the budget:
- sale of goods, works and services;
- receipt of advance payment from the customer;
- recovery of VAT in connection with the sale of previously acquired fixed assets (regardless of whether depreciated or not);
- accrual of VAT on the cost of construction, performed their own works.
And now look at each case separately and immediately denote which VAT will be posting in a particular case.I'm not going on some accounts give a sub-account, because different companies, they can be different.
sale of goods, works, services
Any commercial enterprise uses in its operations this operation, because it is not carrying out the implementation of works, services or goods, it is impossible to get the most important result of the activity - the profit.Postings VAT on the sale will be the following:
- D62 - K90.01 - sold goods, works and services;
- D90 - K68.02 - accrued VAT to the budget.He is considered by multiplying the amount of realization by 18%.
receipt of advance payment from the customer
As you know, when cash is received before the date of the provision of any service, perform a variety of works or the sale of goods, the seller must charge the advance payment received from the amount of VAT, the situation of contributions to the budget.In this case, the wiring should be as follows:
- D51 or 50.01 - K62 - received the money from the customer's bank account;
- D76AV - K68.02 - VAT charged to the budget of the amount of the advance.It is considered in this case, the formula 18% / 118%.That is, the amount of the advance should be multiplied by 18 and divided by 118, or vice versa - first divide, then multiply.
recovery of VAT in connection with the sale of previously acquired fixed assets (regardless of whether depreciated or not)
According to Part 2 of the Tax Code, the sale of previously purchased a fixed asset is considered to be income that is subject to VAT.And in this case, the recovery of VAT have to do both on a general regime, and the UPDF in the "income minus expenses".After all, they, too, once the acquisition of a fixed asset on the basis of invoices issued by sellers, adopted this VAT as an expense deductible for single tax.Accounting entries on VAT following:
- D91.02 - K01 - reflects the write-off operation of the main equipment at cost;
- D02 - K91.01 - amount of amortization calculated on this OS, written off;
- D76 - K91.01 - accrued revenue from the sale of the operating system;
- D91 - K68.02 - charged VAT to pay for the budget.
charging VAT on the value of performed construction work on their own
In carrying out construction work for own needs on their own (called hozsposobom) enterprises are obliged to charge VAT on the entire cost of construction and installation works.This tax is charged at a rate of 18%.Postings following:
- D19 - K68.02 - charged VAT to pay for the budget.
In some cases, we accept VAT offset
But the value added tax must be paid not only to the budget.It is also possible to compensate for - that is, reduce the amount to be paid to the budget by the amount already paid to the supplier of works, goods, services or assets.In addition, the VAT refund offset occurs when the advance previously received from the customer, produced in the implementation of its e works, goods and services.You can also compensate for the previously paid VAT on the amount of construction work performed hozsposobom.To do this, however, you must observe a number of rules.But here we are talking only about the postings, that to them and come back.Thus, we consider three cases of VAT refund.
Offset VAT on the purchase of goods, works and services
Postings VAT on the transaction fairly simple:
- D08,10,26,20,23,41 - K60 - obtained from a supplier of goods, works and services;
- D68.02 - K19 - deducting the amount of VAT charged on the acquisition of the supplier of the goods, services or works on the basis of their invoice.In this case, a prerequisite for offsetting VAT is a fact of the works, goods, services, assets or materials to the account.
Passed previously paid VAT on receipt of advance
In this case, the VAT credit is given in the month in which the previously received advance payment from the customer closes the realization of his address.Postings VAT while such:
- D62 - K90.01 - reflected the sale of services, goods, works to the customer;
- D68.02 - K76AV - the amount of VAT previously charged on the amount of the advance payment is accepted for credit.
VAT refund from their own construction and installation works (hozsposobom)
- D68.02 - K19 - the amount of VAT charged on the amount of the previously executed hozsposobom construction and installation work is accepted to a deduction.A prerequisite for such a set-off is a condition for payment of the amount of VAT to the budget.
