Modern society spoiled by creature comforts.Young people up in the morning, drink a cup of coffee include laptop to read the latest news, to respond to the letters of friends, then leisurely going to study or work.A thought anyone how to begin the morning of 100, 200, 300 years ago, at the same girls and boys?Today, not everyone will be able to correctly answer the question of what the rents and labor obligations, and in fact anything else that two centuries ago, people practiced duty, did not belong to themselves, the coffin of their health on foreign fields.
What dues?
For centuries, appeared several definitions of the concept.Servage first arose in the early days of ancient Russia, where only impose taxes.Then the princes with subordinates collected tribute in the form of food, money, goods.Later this kind of guilt appeared as an obligation to give the peasants the feudal lords of the money or products.The reform of 1861 abolished the grocery dues and the money remained two years.
In feudal times peasants were considered someone's property, so the feudal lords could give to the use of not only specific individuals, but also entire villages.Rents can be compared with the lease, that is provided by other noble nobleman their possession for use.In the XVI century there was a state tax, duties landowners have paid into the treasury.At the same time rents extended to farmers, but they did not pay the state and the owner of land on which they lived and used to grow food.People could pay with the master of money, goods or own labor.
What is boon?
For three centuries (XVI-XIX centuries.) Lasted boon.The definition of this concept is very simple - the farmer pays rent of land owned by the feudal lord, his own work.This is nothing, as a form of otrabotnoy system.Corvee and dues, in fact, very similar.Because the poor are not always able to pay tribute to the lord in the form of money or products, because they themselves have been left with nothing, the rich allowed them to repay difficulty.
What rents and corvee in its essence?This is a form of payment of the rent for the land.Corvee charged only physical labor, but it can be varied: agriculture, hunting, fishing, gardening, animal husbandry and so on. D. From this tribute no one was freed, the work was absolutely free, for her master did not pay.
Dimensions obligations
In feudal times act local "provisions" which detailed deciphering what rents and labor obligations, and in what amounts they are charged.The amount paid for the land, varied depending on the location.For example, farmers who lived near St. Petersburg, paid 12 rubles, but Moscow and Yaroslavl gave only 10 rubles.The lowest amount - 9 rubles - the poor have paid Kursk and Voronezh provinces.After paying tribute to the peasant not only able to use the land of the landowner, but freely dispose of their labor.
Corvee - is the physical work that was performed and the temporarily serfs to master.Size duties was calculated on the basis of allotment rights.In one plot women practiced a month, and men for 40 days.This feudal lord did not provide the tools, the poor had to come with their hoes, plows, shovels, fishing rods, and so on. D. Women came under serfdom in age from 17 to 50 years, and men - from 18 to 55 years.
What dues and boon?What is the difference?
Corvee :
- peasants with personal tools free of charge on the grounds of rotten landlords.
- Poor people could work not only on the master, but also the monastery, church, educational institution.
- Obey was based on the agriculture.
- Corvee profitable for landowners who lived in villages as they could set the size of the castings.
- Obey enslaving peasants gained widespread in Russia.
obrok :
- Poor people gave of their harvest of the products or money.
- Tribute was not widespread, because not all the poor could give her.
- person could engage in any case, does not necessarily agriculture.
- feudal lord could demand payment of dues in advance.
- obey is better suited for the nobles who lived in the cities.
- peasants were theoretically free.
Cancel obligations
In Russia as a very well-accustomed dues and labor obligations.The differences between these two levies, though there were, but they both did the peasants slaves, choked them, were not allowed to develop.Feudalism intellectuals tried to fight, but to no avail, the landlords, like leeches, sucking the strength of the poor, exploiting them for their own purposes.Serfdom was abolished in 1861, abolished in 1863, and rents.However, it took several decades to completely change the minds of the people to rebuild the economy in a new way and to destroy feudalism.
