The phenomenon of food allotment, also known under the acronym requisitioning, took place in Russia in the period from 1919 to 1921.At this time, the government decided to set certain standards for bread and other foods that can keep the peasants and all the surplus they had to sell to the state at low prices.The surplus-appropriation system was attended by food groups, committees of the poor and the regional councils, which forces the peasants to give up their reserves.
impact on the population
Introduction surplus has further aggravated the already difficult situation of ordinary people.The rules of putting bread that were distributed or razverstyvalis as a tribute, often exceeded the actual reserves of residents.
Many farmers have tried to hide their food, but fast food detachments all found and punished, even hard-core "hoarders."
Results surplus
Already during the first year of terror and the beginning of the food food surplus population was purchased about 44.6 million tons of grain.The second year marked a significant increase in performance and brought the state 113.9 million pounds.The sharp rise in indices was provoked by the invasion of white, as part of the common people was willing to support the Communists in order to avoid defeat enemy forces.Therefore, only for November 1917 has been deposited with the order of 33.7 million pounds, but this was only possible because the unit to function while food stocks of the Provisional Government, with the help of which carried requisitioning.
This phenomenon, whose goal was to provide the armed forces, and had a number of shortcomings.The main problem here was the poor organization, because of which a considerable part of the collected inventory and did not reach the destination on time, but just spoiled from time to time.On the needs of the army was used 60% of meat and fish, 100% tobacco and 40% of bread, which were collected on the surplus.The peasants and ordinary workers were forced to go hungry, while they have selected products, comes to the big cities, often plundered and divided into rations.
What requisitioning carried
certain limit to the number of products allowed to include farmers and office workers at least half-starved condition.A little more luck to the soldiers, and the best conditions were state leadership, which was provided regular meals.The surplus has led to a lack of desire to work among the peasants, since the entire crop they still collected.This was one of the main factors that led to the complete ruin of agriculture as early as 1921.Across the country, began mass peasant uprisings, demanding to cancel such procedures.
during this period and was replaced the surplus tax in kind, which was the first and most important step in the transition to the NEP.
Advantages and disadvantages
Despite the fact that this process has been able to stabilize the situation with respect to food in the country, and a lot of it has brought negative consequences.Officially, the requisitioning was introduced January 11, 1919, in a very embarrassing for the Soviet regime when the country was in need of support.
According to the official, the peasants had to hand over their surplus products exceed the standards established by the Government, but it occurred requisitioning?It's quite difficult to establish now almost a century later, but still retains some original details.Sometimes simple peasants have selected and what should remain in the personal needs of the population, and the money they were to receive, replaced all sorts of receipts, for which it was impossible to buy.This led to bloodshed, arrests and uprisings.Therefore, from a historical point of view, this dual process.
Facts
- first stages of the surplus in a slowly crumbling Russian Empire began in December 1916.But this, as well as many other initiatives of the government, only contributed to rapid collapse of the state.
- interim government, which also resorted to revisions in the food, could succeed in replenishing food stocks, collecting 280 million tons of grain out of the planned 650.
- Prodrazvyorstka officially introduced in early 1919, it became part of the food Bolshevik terrorthe Civil War, which took place during the time of "war communism".
- for requisitioning the Bolsheviks (it is officially proved) was rather difficult.Its implementation was initially impossible in some areas, so it was carried out only in the central region of the country.
- initially distributed exclusively requisitioning of grain, but in the end of 1920 measures have been applied with respect to all existing agricultural products.
- Initially, farmers were going to pay for the collected products, but delivery of goods was almost gratuitous, because the money has been devalued, and the industry was in full decline - there is nothing to change.
- Naturally, farmers do not always agree to voluntarily leave their belongings, so there were special militias, committees of the poor and the Red Army units.
- When the peasants had neither the desire nor the ability to resist the action of the government, they began hiding food and the bread does not grow more than normal.
- Even taking into account that the food dictatorship led to the deprivation of the peasants, there is no doubt that the army could feed only requisitioning.This phenomenon has also helped to escape the urban proletariat.
- In the period from 1918 to 1920 was head of the Russian requisition communist who later became a member of the Third Reich.It was Roland Freisler.
Total
have the phenomenon of food surplus, as well as many other initiatives introduced by the Bolsheviks, was like a number of advantages and many disadvantages.Despite the fact that this process has helped to provide the necessary products armed forces, most of the goods simply disappeared, although it was taken away from the people who need them - this is in fact carried out requisitioning.Year, when it started, was the point of no return to stability and the beginning of all that in the future will lead to a serious crisis.
