With the development of society and the formation of mankind began to look more modern and at the same time cost-effective ways of obtaining energy.For this purpose built today different stations, but at the same time widely used energy contained in the ground.What it is?Try to understand.
Geothermal
Already from the name it is clear that it is the warmth of the Earth's interior.Under the crust is a layer of magma, which is fiery liquid silicate melt.According to studies, the energy potential of this heat is much higher than the energy of the world's natural gas reserves, as well as oil.On the surface the magma comes out - the lava.And the greatest activity is observed in the layers of the earth, which are the boundaries of tectonic plates, and where the crust is characterized by subtlety.Geothermal ground is obtained as follows: the lava and water resources of the planet in contact, causing the water begins to warm dramatically.This leads to the eruption of the geyser, the formation of so-called hot lakes and underwater currents.That is precisely the phenomena of nature, the properties of which are widely used as an inexhaustible source of energy.
artificial geothermal
energy contained in the bowels of the earth, to be used wisely.For example, there is the idea of creating underground boilers.This requires to drill two wells of sufficient depth to be coupled below.That is, it turns out that almost every corner of the land is possible to obtain geothermal energy industrial way: through one well will be pumped cold water into the reservoir and through the second - recovered hot water or steam.Artificial sources of heat will be beneficial and rational, if the resulting heat will produce more energy.The steam can be directed to a turbine generator, which will produce electricity.
course, the recovered heat - it's just a fraction of what there is in common stocks.But we should remember that the deep heat will be constantly updated as a result of radioactive decay processes, compression of rocks, the bundle interior.As experts say, the crust accumulates heat, the total of which is 5000 times greater calorific value of fossil bowels of the earth as a whole.It turns out that the work of such artificially created geothermal plants can be unlimited.
Features sources
sources, allowing to obtain geothermal energy, it is practically impossible to use fully.There are 60-odd countries around the world, with most land volcanoes on the territory of the Ring of Fire.But in practice it turns out that geothermal sources in different regions of the world are quite different in their properties, namely an average temperature, salinity, gas composition, acidity and so on.
Geysers - sources of energy in the world, the features of which is that at certain intervals they spew boiling water.After the eruption, the pool becomes free from water at its bottom you will notice the channel, which goes deep into the ground.Geysers of how energy is used in regions such as Kamchatka, Iceland, New Zealand and North America, and single geysers are also found in some other areas.
Where does the energy come from?
very close to the earth's surface is still hot from previous magma.From her stand out gases and vapors that are raised and tested for cracks.Mixing with groundwater, they cause their heating, themselves transformed into hot water in which many substances are dissolved.This water is released to the surface in the form of different geothermal sources: hot springs, mineral springs, geysers and so on.According to scientists, the hot bowels of the earth - a cave or a camera connected by passageways, cracks and channels.They just filled with groundwater, and most of them are located near the centers of magma.So naturally formed and thermal energy of the earth.
electric field of the Earth
there in nature is another alternative energy source, which is characterized by sustainability, environmental friendliness, ease of use.However, until now the only source of study and is not applied in practice.Thus, the potential energy of the Earth is covered in its electric field.Get the energy in such a way it can be based on the study of the basic laws of electrostatics and features of the electric field of the Earth.In fact, our planet in terms of electricity - a spherical capacitor is charged to 300,000 volts.His inner sphere has a negative charge, and the outer - the ionosphere - a positive.The Earth's atmosphere is an insulator.Through it, there is a constant for the ion and convection currents that reach force many thousands of amperes.However, the potential difference between the electrodes is not reduced.
This suggests that the nature of a generator, whose role is to continuously filling the leak of charges from the capacitor plates.In the role of such a generator and acts as Earth's magnetic field rotates together with our planet in the solar wind flow.Energy magnetic field of the Earth can be obtained just by connecting the generator to the consumer of energy.To do this, run the installation of a reliable ground.
Renewable
As the population of our planet has been steadily increasing, we need more and more energy to provide the population.The energy contained in the ground, can be very different.For example, there are renewable sources: wind, solar and water.They are ecologically clean, but because they can be used without fear of harm to the environment.
Energy Water
This method has been used for centuries.Today, it built a huge number of dams, reservoirs, where water is used to generate electricity.The essence of this mechanism is simple: under the influence of the river rotating turbine wheels, respectively, the energy of water converted into electricity.
Today there are a large number of hydroelectric power plants, which convert the energy of the flow of water into electricity.The feature of this method is that the power resources are renewed, respectively, such structures have a low cost.That is why, despite the fact that the construction of hydroelectric power station being for a long time, and the process is very expensive, yet these structures significantly outperform the electric capacity of production.
Solar energy: modern and advanced
Solar energy is produced by solar panels, but modern technology allows for the use of the new methods.The world's largest solar power plant is a system built in the California desert.It provides full power 2,000 homes.The design works as follows: from the mirrors reflect the sun's rays, which are sent to a central boiler with water.It boils and is converted into steam that drives a turbine.It, in turn, is connected to an electric generator.Wind can also be used as an energy that gives us the Earth.The wind blew up the sail rotates the mill.And now it can be used to create a device that will generate electricity.Rotating wind turbine blades, it drives the turbine shaft, which in turn is coupled to an electric generator.
internal energy of the Earth
She has appeared as a result of several processes, chief among them - and the accretion of radioactivity.According to scientists, the formation of the Earth and its mass happened in a few million years, and it happened due to the formation of planetesimals.They stick together, respectively, the mass of the Earth is growing.After our planet began to have advanced a lot, but still had no atmosphere, it freely falling meteor and asteroid bodies.This process is just called accretion, and brought it to that emit significant gravitational energy.And the large size of the body fell on the planet, the greater the amount of energy is released, contained in the bowels of the earth.
This gravitational differentiation has led to the fact that the substances are stratified: heavy material simply drowned and floated light and volatile.Differentiation is also affected and the additional allocation of gravitational energy.
Atomic Energy
energy use of land can occur in different ways.For example, the construction of nuclear power plants, when the thermal energy released by the collapse of the smallest particles of matter atoms.The main fuel is uranium which is contained in the earth's crust.Many believe that this method of energy is the most promising, but its use is associated with a number of problems.Firstly, uranium emits radiation that kills all living organisms.In addition, if the substance gets into the soil or the atmosphere, there is a real man-made disaster.The sad consequences of the Chernobyl disaster we experience the present day.The danger lies in the fact that the radioactive waste can threaten all living very, very long time, thousands of years.
New time - new ideas
Of course, people do not stop, and every year more and more being done trying to find new ways to generate energy.If the energy of geothermal energy is obtained simply, some methods are not so simple.For example, an energy source may well be used biogas, which is produced by the decay of the waste.It can be used to heat homes and water heating.
Increasingly, tidal power stations are being built, when reservoirs are installed across the mouths of the dam and the turbines that are driven by the ebb and flow, respectively, to receive electricity.
Burning garbage, get the energy
Another method, which is already used in Japan - is the creation of incinerators.Today they are built in England, Italy, Denmark, Germany, France, the Netherlands and the United States, but in Japan, these enterprises are used not only for its intended purpose, but also to generate electricity.In local factories burned 2/3 of the waste, and the plants are equipped with steam turbines.Accordingly, they provide heat and electricity to the surrounding area.This cost to build such an enterprise is much more profitable than to build a thermal power plant.
looks more tempting prospect of using the heat of the Earth, where the volcanoes are concentrated.In this case, no need to drill down too deeply, as at a depth of 300-500 meters the temperature is above the boiling point of water at least twice.
There is a way to generate electricity as hydrogen energy.Hydrogen - the easiest and lightest chemical element - can be considered the ideal fuel because it is where there is water.If hydrogen is burned, it is possible to receive the water which is decomposed into oxygen and hydrogen.Hydrogen flame itself harmless, ie harm to the environment will not be applied.The feature of this element in that it has a high calorific value.
What of the future?
Of course, the energy or the Earth's magnetic field that which is produced in nuclear power plants, can not fully meet all the needs of humanity, which are growing every year.However, experts say that there is no cause for experiences as fuel resources of the planet is sufficient.The more that is used more and more new sources of environmentally friendly and renewable.
remains the problem of environmental pollution, and it is growing dramatically fast.Number of emission exceeds the limit, respectively, the air we breathe, the bad, the water is hazardous contaminants, and the soil is gradually depleted.That is why it is so important to study in a timely manner the phenomenon of the energy in the bowels of the earth to look for ways to reduce the demand for fossil fuels, and greater use of alternative energy sources.
