Like other branches of knowledge, the history of science has its own definition of the subject and object of study, objectives, as well as techniques and methods.
Determination
When it comes to determining what is meant by historical science knowledge system that collects specific information and interprets the life of human societies at different stages of its existence.It follows that the object of the study of history is precisely the whole of humanity, taken separately its entirety and all of it as a whole.A subject of study may be considered every single civilization or each separate nation, since its inception, the first mention of it, and ending with the disappearance or transformation into something new.At the same time, this society is seen not in isolation but in conjunction with other societies and civilizations.
typology of methods of studying history as a science
With its arsenal of various research methods, history tends to maximize the objectivity makes her findings and conclusions.Therefore, by studying a particular era, each scientist uses not one, but several methods.The most common are:
- comparative-historical method;
- historical-genetic method;
- historical and typological;
- chronological method of research;
- historical description.
On methods in detail
Each of them has its own characteristics, so that together they give an objective picture of the studied historical period.
When using comparative historical expert associates, compares the periods of one culture, as well as several cultures that succeeded each other.This approach is also called diachronic methods.
In another approach compared coexisting cultures, culture, contemporaries or their separate displays - the so-called synchronic method.
1. In historical science one of the most popular is considered to be of historical-genetic method.It is of interest that the reality studied, along with its properties, functions, features disclosed in the context of the time, against the backdrop of its historical movement.The peculiarity of it lies in the fact that the genetic method enables more natural, more plausible to reproduce the object under study research.This is achieved through consistent penetration into the past, to identify the causes of the existing facts or phenomena occurred event.There is a nuance that explains the commitment of scientists and historians to this method.In order to determine the historical development of the ratio of personal, subjective and objective factors, such as the logic of the political, ideological and class struggle, economic development is necessary to apply all the same historical-genetic method.
2. The task of the chronological method - to learn how to have arisen, promoted, developed historical objects according to the chronological sequence.
3. An example of implementation of the method can be considered a historical description of this situation: found a written historical source.With his study will describe it by answering the question of when the source was printed or written by hand.Place of writing the monument?The author of the work?What the author was used as the primary source of what material formed the basis of the monument?Is it an original or a copy, but the source code is no longer present?It is the source deserves a serious attitude to it and to what extent?
Thus, methods of historical scholarship - an excellent tool for the study of the past of their country, their people, as well as the last of the world's civilizations.Together with an inquisitive mind, honesty and integrity researcher, he can become a reliable support in the search for answers to the most complicated questions.After all, to find the truth, and sometimes have a little set of knowledge.We need more and be able to apply them in a certain sequence and combination.Historical-genetic method of teaching that allows to look at the subject of research from all sides.
