Lymph is a liquid body tissue contained in the lymph nodes and lymph vessels.In humans, the lymph is formed in an amount of 2-4 liters per day.It is a clear liquid whose density reaches 1,026.Lymph alkaline reaction is pH 7,35-9,0.This fluid helps to maintain fluid balance and is able to flush out microorganisms from pathologic tissues.
composition
lymph tissue This liquid circulates in the blood vessels of the lymphatic system and is almost all organs.Most of it in organs with high blood vessel permeability: liver, spleen, skeletal muscle and heart.
worth noting that its structure is unstable because it depends on the organs and tissues from which it flows away.Core components may be called water, decomposition products of organic compounds, lymphocytes and leukocytes.In contrast, tissue fluid, lymph has a higher protein content.Its chemical composition resembles blood plasma, but its viscosity is less.
The structure also includes lymph anions, enzymes and vitamins.In addition, it contains substances that increase the clotting ability of blood.If the damage to small blood vessels (capillaries), the number of lymphocytes increases.Also present in the lymph small number of monocytes and granulocytes.
should be noted that a person is deprived of the lymph platelets, but it can be folded, as it contains fibrinogen.This forms a friable clot yellow.Furthermore, in this liquid identified factors humoral immunity (lysozyme, properdin) and complement, although lymph bactericidal ability is much lower than blood.
value lymph
may be noted such basic functions of the lymph:
• Returns electrolytes, proteins and water from the interstitial space into the bloodstream;
• Normal provides education lymphocirculation most concentrated urine;
• lymph carries many substances that are absorbed in the digestive organs, including fats;
• individual enzymes (eg lipase or histaminase) can get into the blood only through the lymphatic system (metabolic function);
• lymph from the tissues takes the red blood cells that accumulate there after injury, as well as toxins and bacteria (protective function);
• it provides a link between the organs and tissues, as well as the lymphatic system and blood;
• maintaining constant cell microenvironment, t. E. Homeostatic function.
Furthermore, lymph node lymphocytes and antibodies that participate in the immune response.When cancer is a major lymph through the dissemination of cancer cells.
worth noting that the lymph, interstitial fluid and blood are closely related, so ensure homeostasis.
Education lymph
At the heart of this process is the filtration, diffusion, osmosis and hydrostatic pressure difference, which is registered in the capillaries and interstitial fluid.
As the lymph is formed?In this process, great importance is the permeability of lymphatic vessels.For example, particles of different sizes pass through the walls of the lymphatic capillaries in two main ways:
1. intercellular when through intercellular gap are fine particles whose size is 10 nm - 10 microns.
2. Through the endothelium, a transport of substances linked to direct their movements via micropinocytic vesicles and blisters.
It should be noted that the data paths operating simultaneously.
If the answer to the question "how is formed lymph", it is worth remembering about oncotic pressure.For high hydrostatic pressure of the blood contributes to the formation of lymph, and the high oncotic pressure slows the process.Filtering the liquid passes into the capillaries, while it returns to the venous bed, because there is pressure difference between the venous and arterial end of the capillaries.
worth noting that limfokapillyarov permeability varies depending on the functional state of organs, as well as under the influence of a variety of mechanical, chemical, as well as humoral or neural factors.The rate of formation of lymph and its amount depends on the relationship between the system and lymphatic circulation.Thus, if the minute volume of blood circulation is 6 liters, then filtered through capillaries 15 ml liquid 12 ml of which is reabsorbed back but 5 ml remains in the interstitial space and then returned to the circulatory system via the lymphatics.
To better understand how and where the lymph is formed, it should know the features of the structure of the lymphatic system.
Specifics of the lymphatic system
initial links are lymphatic capillaries.They are located in all tissues and organs.Not only in their brain and spinal cord, eyeball and inner ear, and also in the epithelium of the skin, spleen, bone marrow, placenta.
Limfokapillyary able to unite, forming a grid limfokapillyarnye and larger lymphatic vessels, which have three membranes:
• Internal - consists of cells called endothelial cells;
• Average - contains cells smooth muscle tissue;
• External - connective tissue sheath.
Note that lymphatic vessels have valves.Thanks to them, the movement of lymph occurs only in one direction - from the periphery to the center.Typically, vessels of the lymphatic organs and muscles located with blood vessels and are called deep.
an important component of the lymphatic system are lymph nodes.They act as a filter and provide the body's immune defenses.Lymph nodes are located near major blood vessels, usually in groups, can be located in the surface or internal cavities of the body.They accumulate and excrete viruses and bacteria, as well as foreign particles.Overloading lymph nodes enlarge and become painful, indicating excessive contamination lymph.Groin lymph nodes are usually increased during infection in the pelvis or legs.Inflammation may also be associated with allergic reactions, the presence of benign cysts or after distension of the muscle.
I must say that in the lymphatic system, there are specific limfostvoly and straits in which there is an outflow of lymph from different parts of the body and internal organs.
Features
movement of lymph in the lymphatic vessels in the hour arrives about 180 ml of lymph per day through the thoracic limfoprotok may take up to 4 liters of this liquid.She subsequently returned to general bloodstream.Knowing how the lymph is formed, it is necessary to get acquainted with how it moves through the body.
Because lymph formed in the lymph capillaries, the more intense filtration of fluid from the blood vessels leads to a small acceleration of their education and to increase the speed of its movement.Among the factors that increase the lymph formation should include the following:
• high hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries;
• high functional activity of organs;
• High capillary permeability;
• administration of hypertonic solutions.
main role in the movement of lymph given to the creation of the primary hydrostatic pressure.It facilitates the movement of lymph capillaries bodices towards diverting vessels.
What ensures its further movement?Lymph is formed from interstitial fluid.At the same time the main force that promotes its movement from the point of generation to the confluence of the neck veins - rhythmic contraction lymphangions.
avilable lymphangions.Other mechanisms move lymph
lymphangions called tubular formation having valves and muscle, "cuff".These formations can be called a kind of lymph hearts.So, they accumulate in the lymph, which leads to stretching "cuff".Thus lymphangion distal valve closes, and the proximal, conversely, is opened.As a result, the lymph moves to the next lymphangions (and so to the confluence of the venous system).
If we talk about the structure of the walls lymphangions, they represented adrenergic fibers that modulate spontaneous rhythmic contractions.Smooth muscle lymphangion also capable of reduction, which leads to an increase in pressure in the lymph vessels and lymph to enter the bloodstream.Active process may affect some hormones BAS (e.g., histamine), and changes in concentration of metabolic compounds and high temperature.
described mechanism of movement of lymph is basic, but there are secondary factors.Thus, when inhaling the lymph flows away from breast limfoprotoka more intense, and when you exhale, this process slows down.Due to movements of the diaphragm and stretch periodically compressed tanks of the Strait, which contributes to the further movement of lymph.
on the intensity of the lymph flow is also affected by rhythmic contraction of organs (heart and intestines), which leads to a more active transfer of tissue fluid into the lumen of the capillaries.Reduction of skeletal muscles that surround the lymph vessels, lymph is also able to squeeze as they contribute to its mechanical movement, as well as increase the motility lymphangions that are placed in the muscle fiber.Due to this movement of lymph through the vessels is accelerated.
stagnation in the lymphatic system
Lack of lymph circulation is in violation of the formation or movement of lymph.Many diseases are accompanied by disturbances in the lymphatic system that are often crucial in the progression of the pathological process.
At insufficiency of lymph circulation lymph can not cope with its main task - the withdrawal of metabolites from the tissues of the body with sufficient speed.This mechanical failure lymph may have general or regional character.
lymph stagnation manifested by various symptoms, which depends on several factors:
• from the area in which the developing lymphedema;
• the characteristics of the lymphatic grid;
• the age of the patient;
• the speed with which the developing lymphatic insufficiency.
Violation of lymph flow leads to the accumulation of toxic products.If damaged lymphatics arise thrombi, which usually consist of leukocytes and fibrin.They linger regional lymph nodes, so no danger.
worth noting that lymphedema is especially dangerous infectious pathologies and malignant diseases as causes generalization lesions and the appearance of retrograde metastasis (spread against the flow of lymph).
common clinical manifestation of disease are lymph edema.The stagnation of lymph accompanied by tissue hypoxia, metabolic disorders, and fluid and electrolyte balance, as well as degenerative and sclerotic phenomena.With the general stagnation of lymph develop varicose changes in lymphatic vessels, hypertrophy of muscle fibers, as well as multiple sclerosis Intini, change the valve.
Violation clotting ability of lymph
known that in the lymph is practically all components that are responsible for the processes of coagulation and fibrinolysis antisvertyvaniya so intravascular coagulation is not unique to the blood, and lymphatic vessels.Thus tissue coagulation factors not only affect the hemostasis and vascular permeability and interstitial tissue fluid transportation.At the same mechanisms that are responsible for blood clotting, can trigger such events in the lymph capillaries, vessels and nodes.
It is worth noting that the relationship between the various components of the blood and lymph little studied, but it is known that various pathological processes can have different effects on the coagulation of lymph.So, when you enter a heterogeneous blood disappears lymph ability to clot, since an increasing number of natural anticoagulants.It is believed that a significant amount of anticoagulant in the present case is formed in the liver and lymph only transports them into the blood.
Violation coagulation of lymph in the development of thrombosis almost unknown.There are experimental data, which confirm that the quantitative changes in the blood and lymph may be slightly different, but the direction of their identity.Additionally, it is known that thrombosis is accompanied by a slight deceleration of lymph flow drained breast limfoprotoka and venous thrombus formation is accompanied by marked changes in the blood and lymph.This pattern suggests that there is every reason not only theoretically study the characteristics of rolling processes in the lymphatic system, but also to use them in clinical practice.
lymph Cleansing: indications
case of violation of normal operation of the lymphatic system a significant amount of harmful compounds accumulate in the intercellular space.Thus lymph contaminated, which leads to the development lymphostasis.This condition is accompanied by an increase in the load on the organs, especially the liver, kidneys and intestines.To prevent the damaging effects of toxins, it is necessary to provide lymphatic drainage and constant outflow of interstitial fluid.
Indications for cleaning the lymphatic system are the following states:
• insufficient detoxification of the body because of a violation of the liver and intestine (hepatitis, colitis, goiter, constipation and bile stasis);
• frequent colds;
• chronic infection of the pelvic organs (such as cystitis, adnexitis or endometritis);
• intestinal infections or other diseases that are accompanied by a significant intoxication;
• diseases of the skin;
• allergic lesions (eg, atopic dermatitis, eczema or atopic dermatitis);
• state, accompanied by massive tissue damage and absorption into the bloodstream decay products (injuries, burns and fractures);
• poor circulation due to blood loss, thrombosis, embolism;
• endocrine disorders, particularly obesity, diabetes and thyroid disease.
main methods of cleansing the lymph
Before you clean the lymph, should consult a doctor who will determine the possible contraindications, and help you choose the best option.
method number 1 .It gives a positive result in arthrosis and arthritis, which take place with the formation of edema, an indication is also ischemic heart disease, chronic thrombophlebitis and respiratory lesions, osteochondrosis.Do not use this method if you are allergic to citrus, as well as a patient of diabetes.
must take 900 ml of juice oranges, the same amount of juice from grapefruit, as well as 200 ml of fresh lemon juice.All this should be diluted 2 liters of melt water.In the morning do not eat breakfast, do an enema of 2 liters of water, which had previously been necessary to add 2 tbsp.l.apple cider vinegar.After setting enema should drink 100 ml of water in which divorced Glauber's salt, immediately take a hot shower, then drink 200 ml premixed citrus juices and meltwater.Subsequently, all should drink 4 liters of the mixture (in portions of 100 ml each half hour).
lymph Purification by this method should be carried out for three days.Keep in mind that after this you can not suddenly switch to the usual diet, the diet should be expanded gradually.It is recommended to drink juices, eat fruits, boiled vegetables and cereals.
method number 2 .It helps cleanse the lymph, lead slag and saturate the body with vitamins.In the morning should do a cleansing enema.Then you need to eat one grated lemon zest with steamed combined with honey and fruit sugar.Every day you need to eat more than one lemon, bringing the number to 15. Then, the number should be reduced by eating every day for less than 1 lemon.
method number 3 .
