Electricity, power, electrical current, the charge of the electron - the words everyone knows.
So what is the electricity, how it is produced and transmitted?Writing the answers to these questions is not easy.To do this, you need to familiarize yourself with a significant range of phenomena called electric.We first consider the origin of the word "electricity".
before our era scholars of ancient Greece have discovered that after rubbing amber objects are attracted to them lightweight body.Amber in Greek - "electron";it is from this word comes the name "electric."
In the second half of the XVI century English scientist Gilbert discovered that not only has the property to attract the amber light bodies.This property of becoming many friction material such as resin and glass.This phenomenon is called electrification.Substances purchased by friction such property became known as electrified.
electrification bodies, scientists have explained the advent of electricity on the body or electrical charge.To
body became electrified, it necessarily rub;can, for example, to touch it with any previously electrified object.For example, experience shows that electrified bodies repel or attract.On this basis, we concluded that there is a different kind of electric charge.This is opposite to each other the charges.
Some of these charges provisionally became known as positive, and the other - negative.Watching over how electrified bodies interact, revealed that like charges will repel and unlike - attracted.
The question of what constitutes an electric charge, has long interested scientists.First we assumed that electric phenomena caused by electric liquid having no weight.Some scientists have assumed that every body has two electric fluids: positive and negative, with over one generates positive electrifying body and over the other - negative.If they are present in equal amounts, the effect of destroying both liquids to each other.In this case, the body becomes unloaded.Other scientists believe that there is only one electric fluid contained in a certain amount each uncharged body.The surplus in the body it creates a positive electrification, and the lack of - negative.Gradually, however, the analysis of new experimental facts forced to abandon the hypothesis of electric fluid.
So, it was discovered that electricity has atomic structure, ie,it can be divided into parts, each of which is a so-called elementary charge.This allowed us to conclude, on the one hand, the study of the passage of electricity through a solution of salts and acids, followed by investigation of electricity in gases.Finally, experience has shown that the elementary electrical charges carry the smallest particles of matter.
Experiments carried out at the end of the XIX century British physicist Thomson, made it possible to open a single particle of matter having the smallest electric charge, and later turned to measure and value.
Thus, the smallest particle of a substance that has an elementary negative charge, called electron.
electric charge of the electron - one of the most important of its properties are inseparable.
Its mass m = 9,1˖10⁻²⁸ of
electron charge e = - 4,8˖10⁻¹⁰ units.
Electronics - one of the particles, which are a part of each substance.Matter consists of atoms, which include the positively charged nucleus and electrons that move around it.The negative charge of the electron is exactly the same in any substance, but their number and distribution near the nucleus varies.When an atom is in a neutral state, the positive charge of the nucleus is equal to the sum of the negative charges of the electrons that revolve around it.
happens that the atom loses electrons;in this case, the positive charge of the nucleus is greater than the sum of the remaining charges of electrons, then the whole atom becomes positively charged.When the body is negatively charged, it means that there are electrons in excess.
motion of electrons determines the redistribution of electric charges in the substances, the positive and negative electrification bodies and other phenomena.
