Nowadays it is impossible to live without measurement.To measure length, volume, weight and temperature.There are several units in all measures, but there are
recognized.They are used almost everywhere.To measure the temperature in the International System of Units used Celsius, as the most convenient.Only in the USA and the UK are still less accurate Fahrenheit.
History temperature measurement
concept of temperature has been known to people since ancient times.They could determine that an object is warmer or colder than the other.But the need for precise measurements did not arise until such time as there was no production.Metallurgy, steam engines could not work without precise operedeleniya degree hot objects.Therefore, scientists began work on creating methods for measuring temperature.
first such known system was the Fahrenheit scale.German physicist Gabriel Fahrenheit in 1724, offered to take over the 0 degrees the temperature of melting a mixture of ice and salt.According to our usual scale is approximately -21o.Over 100 ° scientist proposed a normal human body temperature.This system was not very accurate, but is still used in the United States, because of frosts strongly 21 degrees they do not happen.
What other temperature scale
17-18-th century - a time of science and technology.Many scientists have tried to create their own temperature scale.By the end of the 18th century they existed for about 20. But only a few have become used.
scale Reaumur
Frantsuzskiyy physicist Rene de Reaumur Fersho Antoine proposed to use alcohol thermometers.In 1730 he took over the starting point 0 °, the freezing point of water.But he took the temperature of boiling for 80 °.After all, when the temperature at 1 ° alcohol solution, which he used in a thermometer, changed to 1 ml.It was
uncomfortable, although the scale of such long existed in France and Russia.
Celsius scale
Her proposed in 1742 the Swedish scientist Anders Celsius.The temperature scale is divided into 100 ° between the freezing point and boiling point of water.Degrees Celsius - still the most common worldwide temperature unit.
Kelvin Scale
In the 19th century, with the development of thermodynamics became necessary to create a convenient scale for the calculation of which would allow to relate pressure, volume and temperature of the steam.English physicist Thompson, who was named after Lord Kelvin suggested as a starting point to consider the absolute zero.Celsius used to measure these two scales there are still together.
How did the Celsius scale
first scholar suggested for 0 ° to consider the boiling point of water, the freezing point - for 100 °.Until now, we use to measure the temperature of degrees Celsius, although the idea belonged to Carlo Renaldini.It was he who suggested the use of the boiling point and freezing point of water even in 1694.
first thermometer based on the ideas of Celsius was used by Carl Linnaeus in 1744 to monitor the plants.Daniel Ekström create it, a great contribution to bringing the scale to the modern mind has made scientist Martin Shtremer.It was their first thermometer 0 degrees Celsius showed the freezing point of water and 100 ° - its boiling point.
This system proved to be very convenient and has spread around the world.However, at first it was called "Extrema scale" or "scale Shtremer."And only in 1948 it was officially recognized, named after Celsius and accepted worldwide.
Application Celsius
Now almost all countries use exactly this temperature measurement system.After the freezing point of water is identical in all corners of the globe, and is independent of pressure.And water is the most abundant substance on Earth.So now every child is known sign of a degree Celsius.
