We all know that our bodies are surrounding hot or cold.Glass in which is poured boiling hot, but the same glass when it is empty - cold.We feel cold or warm hand when touching the glass.And what we feel?To understand this, scientists have introduced the notion of temperature.
Initially, when was not yet established the molecular-kinetic theory, scientists believed that the temperature is responsible for the special substance - caloric.It was he, more precisely, its amount determines hot or cold to the body.This is similar to an assessment of how "strong" to get a mixture of matter and caloric.Based on this analogy, the fortress of alcohol and the temperature measured in the same units - degrees.
Now the temperature is considered to be a measure of the kinetic energy of the molecules, and is, in particular, a measure of the degree of heating bodies.To estimate the scientists used energy units: in SI units this is the joule.But temperature measurements began long before the energy theory.As already mentioned, everyday activities, a special unit - the degree.
practice is somewhat different approaches to the measurement of temperature.For each of them has its own temperature scale units to establish a degree.They are called by the names of scientists, a method for determining - Fahrenheit, Reaumur, Celsius.The principle is, that they take a certain temperature range and divide it into a certain number.Thus, the system is equal to 0 degrees Celsius freezing point of water, and 100 degrees - its boiling temperature.This range is divided by 100 to give a value of 1 degree.
each system to establish the value of one degree are used their pivot points, with one and the same body in each of them will have its own temperature.However, its value can be transferred from one scale to another.But scientists have introduced a new concept - the absolute temperature.It is, again, due to the understanding of the temperature as a measure of the energy of thermal motion of the molecules.
From this approach implies that the absolute temperature - is one that is measured from absolute zero, which is the temperature at which thermal motion is completely absent, and the internal energy of the body is minimal.This method of assessment is made on its so-called Kelvin, the reference point which takes the temperature of absolute zero is minus 273.15 degrees Celsius.
Thus, the absolute temperature in the everyday sense is no different from the usual - it's just another point of initial reference.Of course, no one can say that the street plus 296.15 degrees Kelvin, when there plus 23 degrees Celsius, although both numbers are valid.At the temperature in Kelvin - is another application that is not associated with everyday situations.
turns out that the absolute temperature or the temperature in Kelvin - is a tool, which is used mainly scientists.Apply it when considering a wide variety of theoretical and practical issues related to research properties, features and phenomena occurring in the world.Ordinary people with no relation to science more should be interested in the possibility of the practical use of such a thing as absolute temperature.
Introduction definition of absolute zero leads to many interesting phenomena.For example, when trying to achieve it there is such a phenomenon as superconductivity.Theoretically, if a conductor of electric current cooled to zero degrees Kelvin (0 ° K), the thermal motion of matter in the volume of stops, the electrical resistance of a conductor will tend to zero, and the current losses will be minimal.However, it is believed that, in practice, absolute zero is unattainable, but in the lab managed to come close to this value as close as possible.
No less interesting is the phenomenon of superfluidity.If the absolute temperature of the gas begins to decrease, then when a certain value, for each their gas transition occurs in the liquid gas.When the helium is liquefied, it acquires the ability to penetrate through the smallest capillaries.For use in everyday life such phenomena is not applied, but allow us to understand many of the questions of quantum mechanics and fundamental science.
such thing as absolute temperature, is used in theoretical studies and practical experiments on the study of the world.Besides him, the article deals with the notion of temperature in terms of the molecular-kinetic theory.
