history of confrontation between people started since those times, when one of them picked up a stick.But over time, the instruments of war have improved, and the solution of any conflict in this way has become an expensive affair, and very long.After all, the two sides have developed as a measure of active influence on the enemy - cold steel and firearms, reconnaissance, diversionary activities and passive - guard duty, capacity, strategy, location and movement of troops that were supposed to protect them from the unexpected and provide countermeasures at a meeting withenemies.
Why use military facilities defensive character?
This article will address the issue of the importance of short and long term field fortifications and their species: we consider that such a redoubt lunette, Redan, flushes and trenches.After all, their influence during the war of attrition of the opposing sides is enormous.At that time to save the drawing, which is attached immediately, contains constructive scheme and the role of the most common supporting structures.The document demonstrates perfectly that this redoubt, and what are its components (trenches for shooting from different positions of the elements to strengthen the construction of embankments and barrages).From these points of prolonged survival depended defense units, so they are performed conscientiously.
differences between temporary support structures and redoubt
At the same time there were less responsible fortifications.Depending on whether the offensive was planned or prolonged defense under the cover of artillery, which was located in an open area, preparing the field and solid fortifications.For shelter used during the offensive trenches, bunkers and dugouts - they provide protection only against rifle fire.If there was a need to defend themselves, in order to preserve the combat capability of connections and protection from the shelling permanent structures erected defensive character.Based on the natural terrain and impassable areas, they formed a defensive line.
types of fixed fortifications.Redoubt and backrest
To find out what redoubt should refer to the history of military installations XVI-XIX century.This term owes its origin to the French word that means shelter.Traditionally fortifications redoubt assumed the role of protecting the infantry formations, artillery fire on the enemy.Its form can be arbitrary, but the circuit is always closes from the rear to restrict the enemy.In practice, most often used in four-, five-, hexagonal fortifications.Often they are located behind redanov or flush - protrusions embankments, reinforced with bundles of brushwood, structures of adobe, adobe or bags with soil and slope angle of about 60-120 ᵒ.Area redoubt surrounded by several rows of stone or earthen wall, a moat and a wooden palisade, which could be filled with water.On the back of the facilities provided for passage of the garrison, which could consist of 80 to 1,000 soldiers.
Steady as opposed redoubt had a different shape in the plan: its front and flanks were turned towards the enemy position, but the rear was open.This design is because the lunette was not designed to repel attacks from the rear, and its flanks are usually relied on an extensive network of trenches or natural barriers (swamps, rivers, lakes, mountains and ravines, etc.).The picture below shows what a redoubt.Photo made with bird's-eye view, as its surroundings are difficult.
Effect of fortifications in the modern world
Nowadays, all this terminology seems outdated and distant from the realities of war.But reading fiction about the Great Patriotic War or historical works of that time, many accidentally ask questions about, and who is this Rajewski what redoubt and its role on the battlefield?Unfortunately, these words go out of wide use, but for those who are interested in the history of confrontation between Napoleon and Kutuzov, they can not be empty.After the Battle of Borodino decides the fate of Russia - soar or fall down in front of the invaders.Not ruled out the fact that if the Russian army was not aware that such a redoubt - in 1812 the country would not exist at all.After all, because of the courage of the Slavic armies, which under the protection Shevardino Redoubt use the most radical measures, and was saved Fatherland.
In today's world there is no need to build such a massive fortification, because due to various types of weapons, their role is reduced to zero.Nevertheless, their stone ramparts are magnificent monument of architecture for posterity.
