The imperial palace 3 July 1583 happened one of the most mysterious and unexplained killings of the sixteenth century.Ivan the Terrible's son, Ivan, was killed by his own father.In a fit of anger the king prodded their offspring that have a staff strength in the temple.The hit was precise and strong - the crown prince died on the spot.Surprisingly, and then he killed the son of Ivan the Terrible!Most beloved, the elder of whom had high hopes, after his second descendant of Fyodor, to rule the country was not ready to start.
Over the more than four hundred and fifty years of history overgrown with many legends, put forward a different version of what happened.It is still not set the exact date of the death of the Crown Prince.Some researchers suggest that the tragedy occurred back in 1581, in November, the other is called 1582, and the third, which the majority, still adhere to the date of July 3, 1583.By and large, the numbers are not important, the main task - to understand why Ivan the Terrible killed his son, and he slew him at all?Try to understand.
first version.Political
Nikolai Karamzin in his "History" announced that the stumbling block between father and son became a politician.Filled with a noble zeal crown prince came to the parents and demanded the release of Pskov, to expel the enemy, to restore the honor of the Russian Empire.In a rage, John cried out that his son together with the boyars wanted to dethrone him, and raised his hand.She tried to keep Boris Godunov, but the king has put his sharp rod nobleman several wounds, and then slammed the head of the Crown Prince.He fell, covered with blood.The Death of Ivan - the son of Ivan the Terrible - was instantaneous.It is noteworthy that this version which Karamzin considered true, was originally put forward by Antonio Possevino, the papal legate, who, admittedly, was, if not the most interested witness, it just is not independent.Therefore, the accuracy of this statement is very questionable, especially since no other evidence, it is not confirmed.Then why Ivan the Terrible killed his son?Go ahead.
second version.Everyday
only officially Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich was married at least seven times.As you know, the apple falls far from the tree.Here the young crown prince and his father tried to keep up.His first wife was the daughter of Saburov, Eudoxia Bogdanova, after a failed marriage, she was forcibly tonsured as a nun.Second wife, Theodosia Mikhailova, daughter Solovova, suffered the same fate - she ended her life in a convent.By 1583 Ivan was married to the daughter of the youngest of the brothers Sheremetievs, Elena.One morning, John V. saw pregnant wife of the Crown Prince of improper form the belt she was not tied up, and go wide open a married woman not stuck.The king was angry and slapped a couple of good blows daughter.Helen fell and hit, and already next night, lost the baby.Immediately crown prince ran into the room and began to rebuke his father, he stood up for his wife, for it was in the temple staff.It turns out, that's why Ivan the Terrible killed his son!However, not everything is clear.The author of this version appeared all the same Possevino Antonio, which was beneficial to expose the ruthless ruler synoubiytsey in order to legitimize the European Inquisition.So what really happened?
third version.Love
Russian Tsar was very hungry for the female sex, and according to the testimony, a single skirt missed.One day, somewhere in the wards, he met Helen, the wife of Tsarevich Ivan, which we have already said, and began to force her to cohabit.It is not known whether eventually became John V. snohachom (in Russia has long since called the man who shared a woman with her son), but the young princess told her husband about the harassment, and he decided to find out the relationship with the father.What it's all over, we know.The son of Ivan the Terrible, Ivan fell from a fractured temple, and his wife after some time, was sent to the monastery.But is it all really happened?
fourth version.Refutes
Historians who lived much later, Ivan Vasilyevich and his son, thinking: "But you killed the son of Ivan the Terrible?" Maybe it's just a fascinating legend?In other words, disinformation and slander?Indeed, now is the fact synoubiystva huge doubts.To understand why you should doubt, turn to the years 1883-1885 - a time when brush from under the famous Russian artist Ilya Repin was a work of art "Ivan the Terrible and his Son Ivan on 16 November 1581".
painting "Ivan the Terrible kills his son»
It was under this name became known to the general public canvas on which is depicted as a Russian Tsar Tsarevich struck a mortal blow.On the red carpet covered with patterns in the twilight chambers lying next to the overturned throne thrown rod, and the heart chambers illuminated two figures: the father who has committed only in a fit of angry irreparable, and the son who dies in his arms.Despair, boundless love and horror expresses the person of Ivan Vasilyevich, he frantically embrace the Crown Prince, trying to stop the bleeding by holding the wound on his head, and son, forgiving father crouches into his chest.Senile guise king looks to sharpen the features in their bewilderment at the same time pathetic and scary.Ivan's face compared with it more "alive", inspired, and personalized.Pity overwhelmed the Crown Prince to his father, he feels sorry, it elevates him above all the petty passions unworthy of man, which became the cause of his death, the soul is purified.That is what shows the painting "Ivan the Terrible kills his son."
Fate works Repin painting
now kept in Moscow, the Tretyakov Gallery.A group of Orthodox activists and historians in 2013 requested to remove it from there, because it offends the feelings of patriotic Russians.The request was denied.I must say, this is not the first attack on the painting.When it was first presented to the public at the 13th traveling exhibition, all of St. Petersburg was agog.The audience literally precipitated by the building where the painting hung.Were heated debates: the intellectuals and progressive youth rapidly admired, while other St. Petersburg indignant: "How can you show synoubiystvo?" Among those who work did not like was the Emperor Alexander III, as a result of April 1, 1885 it was banned forshow.It was the first picture has undergone censorship in the Russian Empire.However, after three months at the request of close to the court painter A. Bogolyubov ban was lifted.
And was it murder?
On this same exhibition in St. Petersburg in 1885 painting "Ivan the Terrible kills his son" was seen by the outstanding Russian thinker and chief procurator of the Holy Synod, Konstantin Pobedonostsev.He was angered by her story, because, in his opinion, fiction passed off as fact.Pobedonostsev Alexander III wrote a letter in which he said that it's a painting can not be called historic because it represented the moment is purely fantastic.How so?We always talked about the murder of Tsarevich Ivan Vasilyevich John as an indisputable fact, even in textbooks written about this in the example of a Russian autocracy differed cruelty.Not until the end it was clear just why Ivan the Terrible killed his son.And how all this information put in historical literature, no one thought about it.
dramatic events
In 1913, the Tretyakov Gallery was something strange.When viewed paintings by Ilya Repin "Ivan the Terrible and His Son Ivan on November 16, 1581" painter Abram Balashov shouted: "Too much blood!" Then he attacked the painting with a knife and slashed it.Immediately Repin arrived in Moscow together with Igor Grabar, his former disciple and renowned restorer, to rebuild.The media attack on a painting received an extensive response was even arranged a debate on the topic of how to apply the common people to the image of royal personages.Repin suddenly accused of deliberately provoking people to aggression and misunderstanding of the situation emerged in Russia.The artist was confused and very frustrated.He left Moscow upset and decided that he would never come to this city.
From then crown prince died?
Metropolitan Ladoga and St. Petersburg, John, in his book "Autocracy Spirit" has denied the killing and said that the death of the son of Ivan the Terrible came because of a serious illness.Indeed, in the surviving historical documents is not a word about synoubiystve.But discovered numerous factors, certifying that the crown prince had died as a result of poisoning.B. Manyagin in his work of 2003, "The leader of the Church Militant" wrote that Ivan was poisoned with corrosive sublimate - a poison that causes a painful death if you take it in an amount of 0.18 grams.
Exhumation
The Archangel Cathedral in the Kremlin in 1963, opened the tomb four: commander Skopin-Shumsky, Tsarevich Ivan, Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich.During the study, scientists have discovered the remains of that in all four skeletons found roughly equal amounts of arsenic, and it does not exceed the norm.However, in the bones of Tsarevich Ivan and Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich found the presence of mercury in a dose considerably higher than the permissible norm.Some historians have argued that it is not poisoning, and the effects of treatment of syphilis with mercury ointment.But as a result of studies found no syphilitic changes in the remains of the representatives of the royal family.
New facts
In 1990 a study was made of the great Moscow graves queens and princesses.As a result, it was found that Glinskaya Elena, the mother of Ivan the Terrible, who died in 1538, and Anastasia Romanova, his first wife, who died in 1560-m, have been poisoned by mercuric chloride.That is the royal family is a victim of poisoning for several decades.Data from these and other studies led to the conclusion that the murder of the son of Ivan the Terrible's own father - a fiction, but in fact he was poisoned in favor of this interpretation is that the content of his remains poison exceeds the permitted limit many times.Thus, science is the story of synoubiystve categorically denies.
