In today's world there are more than three thousand different ethnic units, and of there a little more than two hundred.This means that, with some exceptions, the majority are multinational country.
terms and concepts
In order to understand the issue in detail, you need to highlight key concepts, operated by the researchers in the study of a particular country.Concepts such as race, ethnic group, a people, a nation, ethnic group are quite close in meaning, but nevertheless have certain nuances.Suffice it clear that all of these terms are the result of the historical complexity of the different elements that characterize a particular ethnic community.Economic development, territorial expansion led to an increase in the area of residence of the tribe, which gradually turned into a nation or people.And as the highest stage of ethnic unit can distinguish the formation and the emergence of the nation.Many scientists agree that the determining factors in the formation of this community are the same language, territory, culture and economic ties.However, with the development of the nation, these factors are losing their paramount importance, and it can continue to exist even when divided by national borders.
Formation of national consciousness
Indeed, confirming the statement, you can refer to the example of multinational giants such as the Soviet Union.Many nations that existed in this part of the state, after the crash found themselves on different sides of the border, but have not lost their identity.Therefore, to form once, they continue to exist, except in cases of physical extinction.Language as one of the fundamental characteristics of a nation may cease to be so.As the number of people declined the role of kinship, and could happen that in one nation there are two or more languages.When you combine the old ethnic groups in the increasingly numerous variations persisted languages (dialects), sometimes differ quite strongly from the former common language.A prime example is the Swiss Confederation.Approximately such a path formed multinational Europe.However, not only the European countries have followed this path of development of national relations.Multinational Asian countries also could not immediately be formed as a full-time.The education.The succession of revolutions and other metamorphoses led them to the need for co-existence, and one of the many countries in Asia - China - is also formed on this basis.
Different interpretations of the concept of "nation"
using the term "nation", we must bear in mind its double meaning.First, the scientists see it as a body of citizens of a particular state.That is a multicultural, socio-political, territorial and economic community of different nationalities that make up the state.In the second case, this definition is used as the highest form of designation of ethnic unity.Multinational country, formed by the first scenario, in the modern geopolitical world account for more than half of all public entities.The most typical example is the American nation.For centuries, the United States called the "melting pot", which successfully dissolve the ethnic diversity of American citizens, turning them into a single nation.This development was dictated by historical realities, emerging industrial type of society imposes stringent requirements primarily economic, and many nationalities had come together to compete in the international arena.Thus arose the multinational countries.
integration of the Russian type
globalization of the economy affect the way the integration of state-national entities.Dynamically developing production led to the formation of new variants of inter-ethnic cooperation.US and Russia - is a multinational country, they are both on the device are federations.However, the methods of the organization fundamentally different.The Russian Federation is based on the principle of national-state entities, its components.They have a certain autonomy in internal affairs, and together represent the Russian nation.
alternative way of national cooperation
US states also have a certain internal autonomy, but are formed on a territorial basis.Russia in this way the organization ensures the development of the national culture of the peoples inhabiting it.United States of America on the basis of democratic laws also establish the right of each ethnic unity on national-cultural autonomy.These two types of state associations represented around the globe.
Globalization and the nation
Joining the world in the information age is even more intensified interstate competition, respectively, and ethnic.Therefore, the main trend is the birth of supranational public entities.They are formed on the basis of a confederation and have great national and cultural diversity.The most typical example is the European Union, which includes more than twenty countries, and residents say According to rough estimates, in 40 languages.The device of this association as close as possible to the existing economic and political realities.On its territory the overall legal system, currency, citizenship.If you look at these characteristics, it can be concluded that there was little European supernatsiya.The number of new member states is growing.A similar process, but with a lesser degree of cooperation occur worldwide.Initial economic and political blocs - the prototypes of future supernatsy.I think that for such large state and national entities - the future of all human civilization.
National Policy
guarantor of preserving the unity of a national policy in the states united in a multinational country.A list of these countries is quite extensive and includes a vast number of public entities, located on the planet.The national policy includes a set of measures to ensure the equal existence and development of ethnic units of the state.The most multi-ethnic country in the world - India - is an example of that.Only a balanced and cautious policy of the country allows it to be a leader in South Asia and to compete successfully with its giant neighbor China.
Modern trends of international relations
This legislative consolidation of the rights of national minorities serves as a "solution" to these countries.Ways of development of nations and states do not always coincide.History shows a lot of similar examples.Multinational country most prone to decay precisely because of its multi-ethnicity.The twentieth century was a period of the collapse of many of these countries: the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia and even binational.Therefore, the preservation of ethnic parity becomes the basis for co-operation and integration.The last two decades some bias becomes a process of separatism, it concerns and well-established European countries, such as, for example, the United Kingdom, from which the voiced intention to leave Scotland, as well as artificially created as a result of the colonial policies of Asia and Africa.
