basic working and creative potential of any country - the people, the citizens who inhabit it.No government is able to lift the economy, to bring the state to any significant boundaries, if there is no adequate number of workers and qualified specialists.Those who stood at the helm of the Russian state, is well understood.Because from the time of Yaroslav the Wise, and then the Russian princes, and later princes-emperors, true radeyuschie for power, trying whenever possible to form his subjects.Particularly successful in this regard, Peter the Great.
Being not only a great reformer of Russia, on Russian soil by planting many of the customs and traditions of the West, Peter has done a lot for the formation and development of the national industry.Because of the dense forests of the country took a giant leap into the world of science and technology.However, the same Peter, with all its democracy, was one of the toughest of the feudal rulers.That's when it appeared this kind of serfdom as ascribed peasants and possessional right, though, then it was called a little differently.
When Peter is an active development of the Urals and Siberia and other Russian regions of economic importance.Built factory, factories, whose owners - people nedvoryanskyh origin.It is the merchants, representatives of other social classes, who managed to get rich and start investing their capital in developing the industry.
need new land to settle on plants under construction - work.Of course, all the work has been entrusted to the people.However, the owners of companies are not able to buy the peasants - it was an aristocratic privilege.To ensure the development of land and expanding industrial workers hands, Peter attributed to hundreds of farmers under construction and already existing enterprises.
thus ascribed peasants - definition, according to which the so-called government, court, economic peasants, instead of paying the poll tax working on private or state-owned enterprise.Peasants usually attributed to the workplace without specifying the period, ieforever.It was sort of another kind of serfdom.In form they were the property of the state.In fact, they were completely dependent on the manufacturers.Their fate was no better than the fate of the fortress at the landlord.
Already in the first quarter of the 19th century ascribed peasants became known as indispensable, and then be included in the composition of the so-called possessional peasants.The name they received after the enterprise, receiving cash grants from the state, were called posessiyami.
Consequently, possessional peasants - a people without land Attached to work in the manufactories.People think something like factory equipment, inventory, they belonged to the name of the enterprise, not the owner thereof.And so to sell or exchange the peasants working in the company, just as landlords do this, the owners of factories could not.
peasants acquired entire villages, surrounding plants and factories.The same were considered dependent and possessional runaway peasants if they possessed any skill, learning the factory business.Special government decrees setting out all the intricacies of the relationship between the factory owners and their slaves.
Yes possessional peasants suffered bullying and violence, oppression operational not less than their rural counterparts.Because artisan men fled from the factory owners.In populated areas, or ascribed possessional peasant unrest broke out, and armed uprising.For example, in pugachёvskom movement participated with a lot of runaway factories.
Such a powerless position possessional peasants occupied until 1840 year.It is at this turn started them some relief.In the fortieth year of a special law, which allowed to release the workers from some, depending on the company.Then, with the abolition of serfdom, the working people got freedom.However, until 1917 possessional farmers in some regions of the Russian Empire were in the same bondage.
