In the XVII century the city of Tobolsk achieved great development, and it became known as the capital of Siberia.Initially, the city Kremlin was wooden.However, it is often exposed to fire, so at the end of the 70s of the 17th century governor Pyotr Sheremetyev got a royal order to build a stone Tobolsk Kremlin.So, in 1677 it began construction of a new Kremlin and St. Sophia Cathedral.
Construction
Hagia Sophia was built in 10 years, but the Tobolsk Kremlin before his final appearance had to build more than a dozen years.The height of the ramparts up to four and a half meters, and the length was 620 meters.It has 9 guard towers.Inside the fortress walls were built several churches and elegant chambers (the Treasury, clerks and others.), Seating yard.The architecture of these buildings markedly influenced European architecture that is inherent in the reign of Peter the Great.Designer and construction manager was a great Russian geographer and cartographer Simon Remezov.
For some time, the construction of the Kremlin was suspended and resumed only in 1746.It was in that year next to the Hagia Sophia was built St. Basil's Cathedral.By the end of the 18th century Tobolsk Kremlin lost its defensive significance and began to turn into the city center.Naturally, the walls had to disassemble.Close to the Pokrovsky Cathedral built residence of senior cleric of Siberia - the bishop, and next to the Chamber of writ - Namestnichy Palace - a beautiful building in the style of Russian classicism.However, the most famous moment in the history of the Kremlin was the completion of the construction of a giant chetyrehyarusnoy cathedral tower (75 meters) on the eve of the 19th century.
Prison Castle Tobolsk Kremlin
From the first decade of the new century, Tobolsk ceased to be the capital of Siberia and gave it the title of another large Siberian city of Omsk - itself becoming a transit point for the convicts.Therefore, the Kremlin was built the castle prison with a capacity of about a thousand prisoners.All kinds of famous guests are not accepted in their "welcoming" the walls of the castle: Chernyshevsky, Dostoevsky, Korolenko, Petrashevsky and others. By the way, during the Soviet era, especially under Stalin, this also served as a prison for the purpose
Tobolsk Kremlin and 20th century
establishment of Soviet power has brought a lot of grief to residents of Tobolsk.They were destroyed and plundered all the temples and churches, which are contained in itself the Tobolsk Kremlin.But in the building of the bishop's house in 1925 he began to operate the largest in Siberia museum.Since 1961, the church and other buildings located on the site of a fortress, were transferred to the museum, and Tobolsk Kremlin (pictured left) was named the State Historical-Architectural Reserve.Many of the destroyed monuments have been restored and refurbished.After the collapse of the Soviet Union almost all the Tobolsk churches church services were held.Every year thousands of tourists visit the Tobolsk Kremlin.Address it reminds address of the Moscow Kremlin - Red Square, 1, only the city of Tobolsk.
